bu27 : lz„ 28 hj®_p¡ Ry>„. dy[õgd eyhp_ Ry>„ A_¡ kdpS>dp„ dpf¡ gÁ_ L$ep® rh_p fl¡hy„ dyíL¡$g R>¡. lz„ N¡ (lp¡dp¡) Ry>„ A¡V$g¡ S> lz„ L$p¡C N¡ A\hp sp¡ bpe-k¡¼kyAg dy[õgd eyhsu kp\¡, cpfsue lp¡e sp¡ h^y kpfy„, s¡_u kp\¡ gÁ_ L$fhp dpNy„ Ry>„. d_¡ dpfu Åsuesp kpd¡ L$p¡C hp„^p¡ _\u A_¡ s¡_p„ L$p¡C k„L$p¡Q-ifd _\u.

Å¡L¡$ cpfsdp„ kpdprS>L$ L$pfZp¡kf Ål¡fdp„ Ap rhi¡ bp¡gu iL$pe s¡d _\u. v¡$Mphdp„ lz„ _½$f `yfyj S>¡hp¡ S> Ry>„. lz„ sp¡ BÃRy>„ Ry>„ L¡$ Ap gÁ_\u d_¡ k„sp_p¡ `Z \pe. `f„sy k„sp_p¡ `¡v$p L$fhp dpV¡$ S>ê$fu lp¡e s¡_p\u h^y ipfuqfL$ k„`L®$dp„ d_¡ fk _\u.

lz„ A¡hu ìe[¼s_u sgpidp„ Ry>„ S>¡ âpdprZL$ lp¡e A_¡ k„sp_p¡dp„ fk ^fphsu lp¡e. Aphu L$p¡C kp\u dmu Åe s¡ dpV¡$ lz„ blz DÐkyL$ Ry>„, i¼e A¡V$gp hl¡gp.

Æ8 : lz„ 21 hj®_u Ry>„ A_¡ g¡[õbe_ Ry>„ A_¡ A¡L$ buÆ drlgp kp\¡ dpf¡ Or_›$ k„b„^p¡ R>¡. d_¡ dpfu Åsuesp\u L$p¡C hp„^p¡ _\u. lz„ KQu, ApL$j®L$ Ry>„ A_¡ blz _pSy>L$ _l], blz L$W$p¡f _l] A¡hu Ry>„. lz„ qagpX¡$[ëaepdp„ flz„ Ry>„ A_¡ k„sp_p¡ \pe sp¡ `Z d_¡ hp„^p¡ _\u. Å¡L¡$ s¡d_p DR>¡fdp„ L¡$V$gy„ `X$h„y s¡ rhi¡ lÆ d¢ d_ d½$d L$e¯y _\u.

dpfp„ dpspr`sp â¡dpm R>¡, `Z dpfu Åsuesp_¡ õhuL$pfu iL¡$ s¡d _\u. s¡d_¡ Ap hps_p¡ ¿epg Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ d_¡ d_pC afdphu lsu A_¡ lz„ Ål¡f \pJ sp¡ k„b„^p¡ L$p`u _pMhp_u `Z ^dL$u Ap`u R>¡. lz„ dpfp„ dpspr`sp_¡ Myi fpMhp dpNy„ Ry>„. d_¡ \pe R>¡ L¡$ Å¡ lz„ Ål¡fdp„ Aphu ÅJ sp¡ `R>u dpfp Ly$Vy„$b kp\¡ lz„ ¼epf¡e afu Å¡X$pC _l] iLy„$.

Ap\u lz„ s¡d_¡ Map L$fhp _\u dpNsu. lz„ A¡ õ`ô$ L$fhp dpNy„ Ry>„ L¡$ lz„ L$p¡C ce\u hps Ry>`phu _\u flu. `fõ`f_¡ A_yL|$m gÁ_ L$fhp dpV¡$_p¡ L$fpf A_¡ s¡_¡ r_cphhp_u Mpsfu lp¡e sp¡ s¡_p Ap^pf¡ S> lz„ L$p¡C r_Z®e L$fhp dpNy„ Ry>„. lz„ L$p¡C N¡ `yfyj_u sgpidp„ Ry>„, S>¡ `p¡s¡ `Z `p¡sp_u Åsuesp\u kcp_ lp¡e A_¡ s¡_u L$p¡C i¡lifd _ lp¡e. Ap ìe[¼sA¡ dpf¡ S>¡ drlgp kp\¡ k„b„^p¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ `Z dp_ fpMhp_y„ fl¡i¡. A¡hu ìe[¼s_u S>ê$f R>¡ S>¡ `p¡s¡ `Z Aphp„ S> L$p¡C L$pfZp¡kf gÁ_ L$fhp dpNsu lp¡e.

Ap gÁ_ kq¾$e âL$pf_p lp¡hp Å¡CA¡ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ Äepf¡ `Z dpfp„ dpspr`sp L¡$ Ly$Vy„$buAp¡ dm¡ Ðepf¡ s¡d_¡ gpNhy„ Å¡CA¡ L¡$ Ap`Zp¡ Ofk„kpf bfpbf Qpg¡ R>¡. lz„ Apip fpMy„ Ry>„ L¡$ Ap`Z¡ kpfp rdÓp¡ b_uA¡, `Z s¡dp„ L$p¡C L$p¥Vy„$rbL$ L¡$ fp¡d¡[ÞV$L$ MyiuAp¡ dpV¡$_u A`¡npAp¡ _ lp¡hu Å¡CA¡. dpfp Aphp `rsA¡ L$p¡C ipfuqfL$ k„`L®$_u A`¡np `Z _ fpMhu Å¡CA¡. d_¡ ârskpv$ dm¡ s¡_p Ap^pf¡ lz„ ApNpdu ÓZ\u Qpf hj®dp„ Ap âL$pf_p„ kdS|>su gÁ_ L$fhp_p¡ r_Z®e g¡hp dpNy„ Ry>„.

Ap k„v¡$ipAp¡ BÞV$f_¡V$ `f_p N°y`dp„ dyL$pep R>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ hp„Qu_¡ S> sd¡ kdÆ Nep lip¡ L¡$ L¡$hp âL$pf_p gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ s¡ R>¡. qV²$`p¡X$.L$p¡ddp„ X¡$qV„$N krh®kdp„ Ap AgN S> âL$pf_p k„v¡$i dyL$pep R>¡, S>¡dp„ N¡ A_¡ g¡[õbe_ kdpS>_u _S>f¡ kpdpÞe v¡$Mphp dpV¡$ _pd `|fsp„ gÁ_p¡ L$fhp dpN¡ R>¡.

Ap h¡bkpBV$dp„ âõsph_pdp„ S> âï_ `yR>pep¡ R>¡ L¡$, "sd¡ d¡_ kp\¡ k¡¼k L$f_pf d¡_ (A¡dA¡kA¡d) R>p¡ L¡$ hyd_ kp\¡ k¡¼k L$f_pf hyd_ (X$åëeyA¡kX$åëey) R>p¡? `fZu_¡ \pm¡ `X$u S>hp_y„ kpdprS>L$ v$bpZ A_ychu füp R>p¡?-sdpfu S>¡hp S> A¡dA¡kA¡d L¡$ X$åëeyA¡kX$åëey_¡ Al] dmp¡ A_¡ kdp_ kdõepdp„ `fõ`f_¡ kp_yL|$m `qfZe \C iL$sp¡ lp¡e sp¡ ip¡^u L$pY$p¡.'

N¡ A_¡ g¡[õbe__u ¼gb sp¡ lh¡ S>NÅl¡f R>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ OZ¡ A„i¡ õhuL$pfu g¡hpC R>¡ R>sp„e cpfsdp„ lÆ Ap AgN k¡¼k ArcNd ^fph_pfp gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ kpdprS>L$ õhuL©$rs v|$f_u S> hps R>¡. Ap\u S> AdgN (A¡A¡dA¡A¡gÆ) B[ÞX$ep _pd_y„ Ap BÞV$f_¡V$ N°y` bÞey„ R>¡ S>¡_p¡ A¡L$ S> l¡sy R>¡ : sdpfp¡ ArcNd Mp_Nu S> fpMhp dpNsp lp¡ sp¡ Aphp¡ A_¡ Ap âL$pf_p _pd Mpsf_p gÁ_ L$fu gp¡.

AdgN B[ÞX$ep N¡ A_¡ g¡[õbe_ dpV¡$ d¡f¡S>åeyfp¡ S>¡hy„ L$pd L$f¡ R>¡. Al] hps_¡ `|fu Mp_Nu fpMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ Q¡shZu `Z Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡ L¡$, "Ap h¡bkpBV$_¡ L$pfZ¡ b¡ ìe[¼sAp¡_u dygpL$ps \pe A_¡ s¡_y„ S>¡ L$p¡C `Z `qfZpd Aph¡ s¡ dpV¡$ Ad¡ S>hpbv$pf _\u.'

Ap_p L$pfZ¡ S> khpg \pe R>¡ L¡$ Aphu kpBV$ kgpds lp¡e R>¡ Mfu? A_¡ _¥rsL$ fus¡ s¡ L¡$V$gu ep¡Áe R>¡. AdgN B[ÞX$ep cgpdZ L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ly$Vy„$buS>_p¡_¡ kpQu hps L$lu v¡$hp_y„ gp„bp Npm¡ kpfy„ R>¡, R>sp„ ApMfu r_Z®e sp¡ ìe[¼sA¡ `p¡s¡ S> L$fhp_p¡ R>¡.

dy„bCdp„ N¡ A_¡ g¡[õbe_ dpV¡$ L$pDÞk¡tgN k¡ÞV$f Qgphsp„ Nusp Ly$dp_p Ap âL$pf_p„ kdS|>su gÁ__¡ ep¡Áe NZsp„ _\u, "d_¡ A¡hp qL$õkp ÅZhp dþep R>¡ S>¡dp„ `yfyj¡ ÷u kp\¡ AÐepQpf L$ep® lp¡e. A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ gÁ_ L$fu_¡ drlgp NC lp¡e Ðepf¡ sp¡ Mpk.'

Nusp L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Aphu kpBV$_¡ L$pfZ¡ g¡[õbe_ ÷u kdS|>su gÁ_ L$fhp ggQpC Åe R>¡, `Z `R>u s¡_u Åsuesp Ry>`phhu dyíL¡$g b_¡ R>¡ A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ kpkqfep„ k„sp_p¡_u dpNZu L$fhp gpN¡ Ðepf¡ hps hZku Åe R>¡. buSy>„, "`yfyj fpÓ¡ `p¡sp_p bp¡eä¡ÞX$ `pk¡ S>sp¡ fl¡ sp¡ L$p¡C_¡ L„C ASy>Nsy„ gpNsy„ _\u. s¡_¡ s¡hu õhs„Ósp dmu Åe R>¡, `Z ÷u_y„ iy„? s¡ L$C fus¡ `p¡sp_u ÷urdÓ kp\¡ flu iL¡$ A_¡ kpkqfep„Ap¡_¡ L$C fus¡ AÅZ fpM¡? buSy>„, k„sp_ Mpsf `Z s¡ k¡¼k dpV¡$ s¥epf \C Åe sp¡ s¡ BÃR>p rhfyÙ_u k¡¼k _ L$l¡hpe?'

`f„sy s¡_p\u Sy>vy„$ rhQpf_pfp `Z R>¡. N¡bp¡çb¡.L$p¡d Qgphsp cph¡i L$l¡ R>¡, cpfsue kdpS>dp„ Äep„ lp¡dp¡k¡¼kyAprgV$u õhuL$pe® _\u Ðep„ gÁ_ L$fhp rkhpe L$p¡C rhL$ë` _\u. s¡Ap¡ L$l¡ R>¡, "A¡L$ sfa Ap blz rhrQÓ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ sdpf¡ dpÓ kdpS>-Ly$Vy„$b_p k„sp¡j Mpsf v¡$Mph L$fhp¡ `X¡$ R>¡. `f„sy s¡ rkhpe buÅ¡ rhL$ë` `Z _\u A_¡ rhL$ë` lp¡e sp¡ s¡_u S>¡ qL„$ds Q|L$hhu `X¡$ R>¡ s¡ kfhpm¡ dp¢Ou `X¡$ R>¡.'

cpfsdp„ âpQu_L$pm\u A¡d sp¡ lp¡dp¡k¡¼kyAprgV$u ÅZusu R>¡ A_¡ L$pdk|Ódp„ `Z ÷u-÷u hÃQ¡_p k„b„^p¡_y„ hZ®_ R>¡. `f„sy rb°qV$ifp¡A¡ 1860dp„ L$pev$p¡ `kpf L$fphu_¡ kp¡X$p¡du_¡ ap¡S>v$pfu Ny_p¡ Ål¡f L$ep£. ApS> ky^u s¡dp„ L$p¡C a¡fapf \ep¡ _\u. L$pev$p D`fp„s s¡_¡ A¡L$ budpfu `Z NZhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

L$pev$pL$ue fus¡ kp¡X$p¡du Ny_p¡ b_¡ R>¡, `Z dpÓ lp¡dp¡k¡¼kyAg lp¡hp\u L$p¡C_u kpd¡ L$pd Qgphu iL$pe _l]. Ap\u S> 1860_u ApB`uku_u L$gd 377 AdgN B[ÞX$ep_¡ gpNy `X$u iL¡$ _l]. Å¡L¡$ Ap N°y` kpd¡ AÞe fus¡ L$pev$pL$ue AX$QZ Aphu iL¡$ R>¡- lp¡dp¡k¡¼kyAprgV$u_¡ ApX$L$sfy„ DÑ¡S>_ Ap`hp_p¡ Apfp¡` s¡_p `f L$fu iL$pe. dp_h Ar^L$pf gp¡ _¡V$hL®$_p hL$ug rdqlf v¡$kpC L$l¡ R>¡ L$¡ Aphu h¡bkpBV$ `f Ny_p_¡ DÑ¡S>__p¡ Apfp¡` Aphu iL¡$ Mfp¡.

buÆ bpSy> N¡bp¡çb¡.L$p¡d `f k¡¼k rkhpe_u bpbsp¡dp„ kpdprS>L$ k„`L®$ dpV¡$_p¡ d„Q A_¡ k„L$p¡Qdp„\u blpf Aphhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fpe R>¡. cph¡i L$l¡ R>¡, "cpfsdp„ N¡ lp¡hy„ s¡ Ny_p¡ _\u, `f„sy Ly$v$fs rhfyÙ_y„ Åsue L©$Ðe L$fhy„ N¡fL$pev¡$ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ V¡$[¼_L$gu N¡bp¡çb¡.L$p¡d N¡fL$pev¡$ h¡bkpBV$ _\u. `f„sy L$pev$p¡ BÃR>¡ sp¡ Adpfu kpBV$_¡ `Z Ny_p_¡ DÑ¡S>_ Ap`hp_u hps `f S>hpbv$pf NZu iL¡$ Mfu. `f„sy Apd¡e Adpfy„ kh®f cpfsdp„ _\u L¡$ lz„ `p¡s¡ `Z cpfs[õ\s _\u.'

L$pev$p_p¡ Ahfp¡^ lp¡hp R>sp„ cpfsdp„ N¡ A_¡ g¡[õbe_ kpBV$p¡ h^su S> flu R>¡. R>¡ëgp„ \p¡X$p„ hjp£dp„ ldkaf V²$õV$.Ap¡ApfÆ, B[ÞX$e_ N¡ ¼gb.L$p¡d, N¡ qv$ëlu.L$p¡d, ÷u k„Nd A_¡ bp¡çb¡ v$p¡õs.L$p¡d S>¡hu kpBV$p¡ s¥epf \C R>¡.

Apdp„_u dp¡V$p cpN_u kpBV$ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ kh®f `f lp¡õV$ \e¡gu R>¡. cpfsdp„ dp¡V$p„ il¡fp¡dp„ N¡ A_¡ g¡[õbe_ ¼gb h^y Ål¡fdp„ v¡$Mphp gpNu R>¡ s¡ fus¡ ^uf¡ ^uf¡ Aphu h¡bkpBV¹$k `Z h^u flu R>¡. AgN k¡¼k ArcNd ^fph_pfp_u buÆ L$pev$pL$ue A_¡ kpdprS>L$ kdõep_p¡ DL¡$g Aph¡ Ðepf¡ Mfp¡, BÞV$f_¡V$ `f s¡d_p dpV¡$ A¡L$ dp¡L$mpi Ecu \C R>¡ Mfu.

_¡V$ NpBX$_p AÞe g¡Mp¡ `Z hp„Qp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?