L$p¥riL$ dl¡sp

huf`yf ApS>¡ S>gpfpd bp`p_p õ\p_ sfuL¡$ S>NârkÙ R>¡, `Z A¡L$ S>dp_pdp„ Ap Npd L$p¥cp„X$_Nfu sfuL¡$ Ly$¿eps lsy„. gp¡L$hpeL$p dyS>b Npd kph DÄS>X$ b_u Ne¡gy„ Ðepf¡ huf`fp_p\ _pd_p rkÙ `yfyj Al] füp A_¡ A¡d_p _pd `f\u huf`yf _pd `X$éy„. lpgdp„ A¡ rkÙ `yfyj_u kdpr^ S>gpfpd bp`p_u S>Áep_u bpSy>dp„ S> R>¡.

huf`fp_p\¡ NyS>fps_u dlpfpZu du_mv¡$hu L¡$ S>¡d_p¡ âkhL$pm husu Ne¡gp¡ R>sp„ bpmL$_p¡ S>Þd \sp¡ _lp¡sp¡ s¡d_¡ L$ô$dyL$s L$ep¯ lsp„. dlpfpZuA¡ bv$gpdp„ huf`yfdp„ hph b„^phu Ap`¡gu s¡ ApS>¡e dp¡S|>v$ R>¡.

g¡ML$ ^|dL¡$sy `Z huf`yf_p S> A_¡ _pV$édlrj® âcygpg rÜh¡v$u `Z Ap S> Npd_p, `Z huf`yf ÅZusy„ \ey„ S>gpfpd bp`p\u. bp`pA¡ S> Ap Npd_¡ spey¯. ApS>¡e Ap Npd S>gpfpd bp`p_u S>Áep_¡ L$pfZ¡ S> _c¡ R>¡. Npd_u hkrs 15 lÅf_u R>¡. dy¿e ìehkpe M¡su, `Z dy¿e bÅfdp„ 250 S>¡V$gu vy$L$p_p¡ A_¡ 40 N¡õV$lpDk R>¡ S>¡ huf`yf Aphsp epÓpmyAp¡ D`f _c¡ R>¡. 100 S>¡V$gu qfnpAp¡ `Z Qpg¡ R>¡. fÅAp¡dp„ Al] epÓpmyAp¡A¡ KQp cpX¡$\u ê$d g¡hu `X¡$ R>¡. lh¡ sp¡ A¡fL„$qX$iÞX$ lp¡V¡$g `Z b_u R>¡. ^d®ipmpAp¡ `Z R>¡.

vy$L$p_p¡dp„ epÓp^pddp„ dmsu QuÅ¡ Å¡hp dm¡, `Z A¡ v$f¡L$ QuS> D`f S>gpfpd bp`p_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ S>ê$f lp¡e. A¡ `Z `¡_ lp¡e L¡$ h]V$u, gp¡L¡$V$ lp¡e L¡$ g½$u. _prme¡f_u L$pQgudp„\u d„qv$f A_¡ A¡dp„ bp`p_p¡ ap¡V$p¡. Ap QuS> Al] b_¡ R>¡ A_¡ blz h¡Qpe R>¡. bpL$u L$p¡C QuS> huf`yfdp„ b_su _\u. h¡`pfu qL$fuV$cpC NqY$ep L$l¡ R>¡, "S>e`yf, Å¡^`yf, l¥v$fpbpv$, dy„bC\u b^u QuÅ¡ Aph¡ R>¡.'

S>gpfpd bp`p_u Ap¡qX$ep¡ L¡$k¡V$_p¡e Al] L$kv$pf h¡`pf R>¡. AÐepf ky^udp„ bp`p_p„ cS>_p¡_u A_¡ Nusp¡_u 100 S>¡V$gu L¡$k¡V¹$k blpf `X$u Q|L$u R>¡. v$f hj£ _hp„ V$pBV$g bÅfdp„ Aph¡. bp`p_u 201du S>e„su A¡L$ hj® `l¡gp„ ES>hpC Ðepf¡ A_¡L$ L¡$k¡V$ bÅfdp„ Aphu lsu. cS>r_L$ l¡d„s Qp¥lpZ\u dp„X$u A_|` S>gp¡V$p ky^u_u Ap¡qX$ep¡ L¡$k¡V$ Al] dmu Åe. NyS>fpsu NTgNpeL$ d_lf D^pk S>gpfpd bp`p_p c¼s R>¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_u _hu L¡$k¡V$ kp¥â\d bp`p_p QfZ¡ ^f¡ R>¡ `R>u S> A¡ Apgbd bÅfdp„ dyL$pe. qfqX$a sdpfp dpV¡$ Al] S>gpfpd hpZu fS|> L$fu füy„ R>¡.

bp`p_u S>Áep_¡ L$pfZ¡ N°pd`„Qpes kÝ^f R>¡. NyS>fpsdp„ dp¡V$p cpN_u `„Qpesp¡dp„ kdekf `Npf \sp _\u lp¡sp, Äepf¡ Al] S>L$ps_u ê$. 16 gpM_u AphL$ R>¡ A_¡ `„Qpes `pk¡ ê$. 15 gpM\u h^y_u rkëgL$ R>¡.

Apd R>sp„ Al] "Nfubp¡'_u k„¿ep TpT¡fu R>¡. A¡L$ dprlsu dyS>b NyS>fpsdp„ kp¥\u h^y huf`yfdp„ Nfubp¡_¡ 100 Qp¡fk hpf_p 524 àgp¡V$ apmhpep R>¡. A¡L$ _p_L$Xy„$ Npd S> kdÅ¡_¡. Al] v$f hj£ 7 V$L$p hkrs h^¡ R>¡. Npddp„ b^¡ `pL$p fp¡X$ R>¡. O¡f O¡f _m Üpfp `pZu dm¡ R>¡, `Z rinZ âp\rdL$ ky^u S> R>¡. ^p¡fZ 8\u D`f cZhp huf`yf_p rhÛp\}Ap¡A¡ _ÆL$_p S>¡s`yf_Nfdp„ S>hy„ `X¡$ R>¡.

Al] `p¡guk õV¡$i_ R>¡, `Z `p¡guk_¡ d„qv$f A_¡ cp¡S>_ipmpdp„ fÅAp¡dp„ ìehõ\p k„cpmhp rkhpe L$p¡C L$pdL$pS> _\u. L$pfZ, Ap Npddp„ ¾$pBd f¡V$ gNcN Tufp¡ R>¡. TOX$p _\u, M|_Mfpbp sp¡ v|$f_u hps R>¡.

fpS>L$p¡V$\u 56 qL$gp¡duV$f v|$f huf`yf_y„ bk õV¡$i_ ^d^dsy„ fl¡ R>¡. fp¡S>_u 500 bk_u AhfS>hf. v$f v$k rdr_V¡$ A¡L$ bk dm¡. A_¡ Ap b^y„ S>gpfpd bp`p_¡ L$pfZ¡ R>¡.

S>gpfpd bp`p _p_`Z\u kp^yh©rÑ ^fphsp. r`sp â^p_ W$½$f_u BÃR>p_¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡ ApV$L$p¡V$_p„ hufbpC kp\¡ `fÎep. `R>u AgN \ep A_¡ L$pL$p_u L$qfepZp_u vy$L$p_¡ b¡W$p, `Z A¡d_u kp^y`fpeZsp A¡V$gu b^u L¡$ A¡d_¡ h¡`pf _ apìep¡. kv$ph°s iê$ L$ey¯. `Ð_u_p¡ kp\ dþep¡. lfk_p ìepr^_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>gpfpd bp`p 81 hj®_u Jdf¡ v¡$hNrs `pçep. S>gpfpd bp`p_p¡ S>Þd 1856dp„ L$pfsL$ kyv$ kpsd_p \ep¡ lsp¡.

s¡d_y„ d|m _pd lsy„ S>gpfpd â^p_cpC Qp„v$fpZu. `Z S>gpfpd W$½$f sfuL¡$ S> Ap¡mMpsp. huf`yf õ\p_L$dp„ A¡d_u kph kpQu skhuf R>¡, S>¡ khpkp¡ hj® `l¡gp„ g¡hpC lsu. Np¢X$g_p dlpfpÅA¡ L$p¡C âk„N¡ HÁg¡ÞX$\u ap¡V$p¡N°paf bp¡gph¡gp¡ A_¡ A¡Z¡ bp`p_u skhuf `pX$u lsu.

S>gpfpd bp`p_u S>Áepdp„ S>gpfpd bp`p rkhpe L$p¡C_u d|rs® L¡$ skhuf _S>f¡ _ `X¡$. rh¾$d k„hs 1876_u dlp kyv$u buS>¡ S>gpfpd bp`pA¡ kv$ph°s iê$ L$ey¯, S>¡ ApS>¡e Qpgy R>¡. fp¡S> lÅfp¡ gp¡L$p¡ âkpv$ g¡ R>¡, `Z L$v$u âkpv$ M|V$ép¡ lp¡e A¡hy„ bÞey„ _\u. A_¡ A¡ S>gpfpd bp`p_p¡ QdÐL$pf NZpe R>¡.

S>gpfpd bp`p_p QdÐL$pfp¡_u A_¡L$ L$\pAp¡ R>¡. dfZ`\pfuA¡ S>gpfpd bp`pA¡ L$l¡gy„, "L$p¡C k¡hL$S>_ tQsp _ L$fip¡. lz„ Æhsp¡ gpM_p¡ A_¡ d|Ap `R>u khp gpM_p¡ lp¡Ci. L$pfZ L¡$ dpfp¡ W$pL$p¡f kd\® R>¡.'

ApS>¡e Ap S>Áep bfpbf Qpg¡ R>¡, S>¡ V²$õV$_p lp\dp„ R>¡ A_¡ A¡dp„ bp`p_p h„iÅ¡ S> V²$õV$u R>¡. kp¥fpô²$_p„ ^d®õ\p_L$p¡dp„ S>gpfpd bp`p_u S>Áep _p¡Mu `X¡$ R>¡. Al] S>gpfpd bp`p `R>u s¡d_u v$uL$fu_p v$uL$fp lqffpdÆ dlpfpS>¡ d„qv$f_p¡ L$pe®cpf k„cpþep¡ A_¡ A¡ `R>u A¡d_p `yÓ rNf^ffpd `R>u S>ekyMfpd A_¡ s¡d_p `yÓ fOyfpd bp`p AÐepf¡ Npv$u D`f R>¡. Ap õ\p_L$_u S>Áep V|„$L$u R>¡, `Z hluhV$ blz Qyõs R>¡. ìehõ\p blz kpfu R>¡.

bp`p_p h„iÅ¡ ârkrÙ\u v|$f fl¡ R>¡. cpÁe¡ S> L$p¡C AMbpf-V$uhu_¡ dygpL$ps Ap`¡ R>¡ A_¡ bp`p A„N¡ L$p¡C_¡ L„$C b_phhp_u R|>V$ Ap`sp _\u. 201du S>e„su âk„N¡ v|$fv$i®_¡ b¡ cpNdp„ v$õsph¡Æ _pV$L$ b_ph¡gy„ A_¡ A¡_u kpd¡ DN° rhfp¡^ \ep¡. S>gpfpd bp`p_p h„iÅ¡A¡ v|$fv$i®__¡ `Ó g¿ep¡ A_¡ Ap _pV$L$_y„ âkpfZ _ L$fhp L$üy„. rhhpv$ kÅ®ep¡ A_¡ _pV$L$_p r_dp®sp rbQpfp_u bv$gu \C NC.

L¡$V$guL$ V$uhu Q¡_gp¡A¡ `Z qaëd b_phhp Ap¡af L$fu R>¡, `Z bp`p_p h„iÅ¡ "lp' `pX$sp _\u. S>gpfpd bp`p_p c¼sp¡ v¡$i D`fp„s rhv¡$idp„ `Z AY$mL$ R>¡. A_¡ Al] v$p__p¡ âhpl kss hl¡sp¡ fl¡ R>¡. `Z îÙpmyAp¡ blz k„h¡v$_iug R>¡.

Tu V$uhu D`f "`f„`fp' _pd_u rkqfeg Aphsu A¡dp„ rhg_ h¡gÆcpC_y„ `pÓ hpf„hpf "S>e S>gp bp`p' A¡hy„ bp¡g¡ A¡dp„\u rhhpv$ \ep¡ s¡ `pÓ cS>h_pfp dlphuf ipl¡ huf`yf Aphhy„ `X$éy„ A_¡ dpau dpNhu `X$u lsu. Ap `pÓ kpd¡ rhfp¡^ _pN`yf\u iê$ \e¡gp¡. huf`yf¡ A¡L$ qv$hk rhfp¡^dp„ b„^ `pþep¡ lsp¡.

tlvy$Ap¡ S> _l], dy[õgdp¡ `Z bp`p D`f îÙp fpM¡ R>¡. dy[õgdp¡dp„ L$l¡hpe R>¡, S>ëgp kp¡ Aëgp. S>gpfpd bp`p_u S>Áepdp„ âkpv$ g¡hp¡ A¡ A¡L$ glphp¡ R>¡ A_¡ bp`p_p h„iÅ¡ ldZp„ MyiMyipg R>¡. Npv$u`rs fOyfpdbp`p_¡ Ðep„ hjp£ `R>u `pfÏ„ b„^pey„ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ lh¡ Npv$uh„iS>_u tQsp flu _\u.

huf`yf_p S>gpfpd bp`p_y„ cS>_
_uQ¡ Ap`¡gu `„[¼s_¡ [¼gL$ L$fp¡ A_¡ "qfeg Ap¡qX$ep¡' kp¡ãV$h¡fdp„ huf`yf_p S>gpfpd bp`p_y„ cS>_ kp„cmp¡ qfeg Ap¡qX$ep¡ kp¡ãV$h¡f Å¡ _ lp¡e sp¡ Al] [¼gL$ L$fu_¡ X$pD_gp¡X$ L$fp¡.

  S>gpfpd bp`p_y„ cS>_

^_ ^_ ^fsu huf`yf_u Äep„ S>Þçep c¼s îu S>gpfpd
Adf _pd_p L$u^u S>Ndp„ Adf b_pìey„ A¡_y„ ^pd
Adf _pd_p L$u^u S>Ndp„ Adf b_pìey„ A¡_y„ ^pd

k¡hp L$pS>¡ S>_d ^fu_¡ Apìep¡ Apsdfpd
r`sp â^p_ _¡ dpsp fpS>bpC g¡sp îu fpdÆ_y„ _pd
c|rd kp¥fpô²$_u ip¡cu flu Äep„ A¡hy„ huf`yf _pd¡ R>¡ Npd
Adf _pd_p L$u^u S>Ndp„ Adf b_pìey„ A¡_y„ ^pd

^_ ^_ ^fsu huf`yf_u Äep„ S>Þçep c¼s îu S>gpfpd
Adf _pd_p L$u^u S>Ndp„ Adf b_pìey„ A¡_y„ _pd

v¡$irhv¡$idp„ X„$L$p v$u^p... A¡hp„ L$ep¯ R>¡ L$pd
Np¡thv$ d¡f L$l¡ lp\ Å¡X$u_¡ sd_¡ L$fy„ Ry>„ lz„ âZpd

huf`yfhpmp A¡ S>rgepZ Å¡Nu... l¥e¡ h^pfp¡ A¡hu lpd
Adf _pd_p L$u^u S>Ndp„ Adf b_pìey„ A¡_y„ ^pd

^_ ^_ ^fsu huf`yf_u Äep„ S>Þçep c¼s îu S>gpfpd
Adf _pd_p L$u^u S>Ndp„ Adf b_pìey„ A¡_y„ ^pd
Adf _pd_p L$u^u S>Ndp„ Adf b_pìey„ A¡_y„ ^pd

Ap Nus Ap`_¡ L¡$hy„ gpÁey„?