L$p[Þs cË$

dy„bC_p dgpX$ _pd_p `fpdp„ A¡L$ gp¡lpZp L$fp¡X$`rs h¡`pfu apB_p[Þk„N L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ L$p¡-Ap¡`f¡qV$h b¡ÞL$p¡_¡ `Z _pZp„ ^uf¡ R>¡. cfs ipl_¡ `Z qaëdp¡ dpV¡$ D`gL$ ê$. 50 L$fp¡X$ Å¡CA¡ sp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. Äep¡rsju S>d_pv$pk ÆhfpÅZu `pk¡ crhóe Å¡hX$phhp Aph_pfp 50 V$L$p gp¡L$p¡ i¡fbÅfdp„ ^p¡hpC Nep lp¡e R>¡. L$gL$Ñpdp„ kp¡m v$gpgp¡ EW$u Nep R>¡. dgpX$_p ^_`rs gp¡lpZp_p ê$. 60 L$fp¡X$ kghpC Nep R>¡ s¡d Äep¡rsju L$l¡ R>¡. dpQ®, 2002 ky^u Aphu d„v$u A_¡ _pZp„_u L$V$p¡L$V$u Aphi¡ s¡d Äep¡rsju L$l¡ R>¡.

Adv$phpv$ A_¡ Np„^u_Nfdp„ qd_fg hp¡V$f A_¡ qbõg¡fu_y„ bp¡V$ëX$ hp¡V$f h¡Q_pfp Aqds d¡hpX$p `pk¡ L$dpZu_p¡ R>gL$p¡ lsp¡. Adv$phpv$_p„ AMbpfp¡ eih„s tklp_p bS>¡V$_¡ kp¡_p_u gNX$u S>¡hy„ L$l¡sp lsp. s¡dp„ Ap Aqds d¡hpX$p akpC S>sp„ flu Nep R>¡. `Z OZpA¡ i¡fbÅfdp„ Nydpìep R>¡.

Np„^u_Nf_p L$ë`¡i X$pcu d¡Odëlpf `pg®f A_¡ apõV$awX$_p¡ õV$p¡f Qgph¡ R>¡. s¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ i¡fbÅfdp„ OZpA¡ `¥kp Mp¡ep S> R>¡. Adv$hpv$dp„ kpbfdsu Apk`pk_p rhõspfdp„ 5,000 ãg¡V$p¡ Mpgu `X$ép R>¡. dy„bCdp„ L¡$rdL$gbÅf, L$p`X$bÅf lufpbÅf, Th¡fubÅf\u dp„X$u_¡ sdpd ^„^pdp„ d„v$u R>¡. L$gL$Ñp A_¡ qv$ëlu_u i¡fbÅfdp„ _pZp„ Mp¡_pfp kbb°p¡L$f A_¡ b°p¡L$fp¡_p„ Ly$Vy„$b_p R> Ap`Opsp¡ \ep R>¡. lÆ h^y Ap`Opsp¡_p kdpQpf sp¡ Qp¡dpky„ Aphsp„ ky^udp„ k„cmpi¡.

gM_p¥dp„ qkV$u L$p¡-Ap¡`f¡qV$h b¡ÞL$_u kp¡m ipMpAp¡dp„\u qX$`p¡qTV$p¡ `pR>u M¢Qhp_p v$fp¡X$p Qpgy R>¡. Ap klL$pfu b¡ÞL¡$ L$gL$Ñp A_¡ buÅ i¡fbÅfdp„ ê$. 75 L$fp¡X$_p„ _pZp„ ^uf¡gp„. k¡ÞQyfu L$ÞkëV$„V$_¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ ê$r`ep ^uep® R>¡. s¡dp„ Mbf `X$u R>¡ L¡$ k¡ÞQyfu L$ÞkëV„$V$ A_¡ L$p¡-Ap¡`f¡qV$h b¡ÞL_p âdp¡V$fp¡ A¡L$ S> R>¡. `l¡gp„ A¡_y„ _pd k¡ÞQyfu apB_pÞk BÞV$f_¡i_g lsy„. s¡dp„_p Afthv$ Å¡lfuA¡ _hu L„$`_u L$fu A_¡ klL$pfu b¡ÞL$ Ecu L$fph¡gu. Ap D`fp„s ¼gprkL$ L$p¡-Ap¡`f¡qV$h b¡ÞL$_p Q¡L$ bpDÞk \ep R>¡.

Adv$phpv$_u b¡ÞL$ Ap¡a B[ÞX$ep A_¡ õV¡$V$ b¡ÞL$ Ap¡a B[ÞX$ep_u byrge_ ipMpAp¡A¡ ê$. 60 L$fp¡X$_p Q¡L$ bpDÞk \ep s¡_p dpV¡$ ¼gprkL$ L$p¡-Ap¡`f¡qV$h b¡ÞL$ `f L¡$k L$ep£ R>¡. Adv$phpv$_u byrge_ b¡ÞL$p¡ âpBdfu Np¡ëX$ Ap`¡ R>¡. `¡-Ap¡X®$f kpd¡ kp¡_y„ A`pe R>¡. Apd kp¡_pdp„e kË$p¡ \ep¡ gpN¡ R>¡. kp¡_pdp„ bÅf Y$ugu R>¡.

lÆ sp¡ Ap iê$Aps R>¡. OZp Þey ep¡L®$_p A¡_¡qgõV$p¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ 1929_p¡ dpL£$V$ ¾¡$i Apìep¡ s¡hp¡ ¾¡$i lÆ Aphhp_p¡ bpL$u R>¡. 72 hj® `l¡gp„ A¡X$u L¡$ÞV$p¡f _pd_p BÞh¡õV$f¡ 20 gpM X$p¡gf d„v$udp„ Nydpìep. A¡ `R>u s¡Z¡ Nydph¡gp `¥kp `pR>p d¡mhhp _pV$L$_u [õ¾$àV$ s¥epf L$fu. s¡ _pV$L$dp„ lp¡V¡$g_y„ ×íe R>¡. L$p¡C i¡fbÅf_p¡ kV$p¡qX$ep¡ lp¡V¡$gdp„ êd byL$ L$fphhp Aph¡ sp¡ lp¡V¡$g_p¡ byqL„$N ¼gpL®$ `|R>¡ L¡$, ""iy„ L$pd ê$d byL$ L$fphp¡ R>p¡? k|hp dpV¡$? L¡$ ê$d_u N¡gfudp„\u L|$v$L$p¡ dpfu_¡ Ap`Ops L$fhp dpV¡$?''

Þey ep¡L®$ A_¡ kp_äp[ÞkõL$p¡_u 1929_u d„v$udp„ fp¡S> 10-15 Ap`Ops \sp lsp. qv$ëludp„ `lpX$N„S> Mps¡ fl¡sp hu. L¡$. AN°hpg¡ i¡f_p¡ kË$p¡ L$fhp dpV¡$ ê$. 70 gpM cpfsue b¡ÞL$ L$d®Qpfu krdrs `pk¡\u gp¡_dp„ gu^p lsp. i¡fbÅfdp„ ê$. 70 gpM fp¡¼ep s¡ sdpd d„v$udp„ kpa \C Nep lsp. A¡ `R>u AN°hpg¡ A_¡ s¡_u `Ð_u fpdL$guA¡ T¡f MpC_¡ Ap`Ops L$ep£ R>¡. L$gL$Ñp_p Arcj¡L$ bp„L$pA¡ i¡fbÅfdp„ b¡ kàspldp„ ê$. 86 gpM Nydpìep. A¡ `R>u s¡Z¡ _v$udp„ `X$u_¡ Ap`Ops L$ep£ lsp¡. bp„L$p_u `Ð_u kp¡_pA¡ `R>u 9d¡ dpm¡\u `X$u_¡ Ap`Ops L$ep£ lsp¡. Arcj¡L$ bp„L$p S>¡hp lÅfp¡ gp¡L$p¡ s¡Ædp„ sZpC Nep lsp.

L$¡$V$guL$ klL$pfu b¡ÞL$p¡A¡ KQp ìepS>¡ \p`Zp¡ gu^¡gu s¡ `Z akpC NC R>¡. _hu qv$ëludp„ R>¡ëg¡ õV¡$V$ b¡ÞL$ Ap¡a B[ÞX$epdp„ L$d®Qpfu huf¡Þv$fLy$dpf d¡B_uA¡ s¡_u `Ð_u_p¡ vy$`Ë$p¡ Nm¡ bp„^u_¡ Nm¡ ap„kp¡ Mp^p¡ lsp¡. by^hpf, sp. 14du dpQ£ qv$ëlu_p fpÅ¥¥fu NpX®$_ rhõspfdp„ A¡L$ a¡rdgu_p 4 kæep¡A¡ õV$p¡L$ dpL£$V$_u d„v$u `R>u Ap`Ops L$ep£ s¡ `R>u Ap Ap`Ops_p¡ Q¡` Qpëep¡ R>¡.

"^ N°¡V$ qX$â¡i_' _pd_y„ `yõsL$ A¡X$hX®$ fp¡b A¡qgk _pd_p g¡ML¡$ g¿ey„ R>¡. s¡ dyS>b dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ Þey ep¡L®$_u d¡_lË$__u rhõspfp¡_u lp¡V¡$gp¡_u ê$dp¡_u bpëL$_uAp¡ Ap`Ops L$fhp dpV¡$ h`fpsu lsu. lp¡V¡$g_p A¡L$ _p¡L$f¡, kË$pbÅfdp„ `¥kp Nydphu Q|L¡$gp rkNpf¡V$_p r_dp®sp_¡ Ap`Ops L$fhp S>sp¡ lsp¡ s¡_¡ bQphhp_u L$p¡rii L$fu sp¡ bÞ_¡ S>Z _uQ¡ `X$u_¡ dfu Nep lsp. 1929_p qX$â¡i_dp„ _v$udp„ `X$u_¡ L¡$ r`õsp¡g gdZ¡ fpMu_¡ Ap`Ops L$fhp_p _hp _hp AMsfp \sp lsp.

qdghyL¡$ Npddp„ A¡L$ BÞh¡õV$f¡ 20 gpM X$p¡gf Nydpìep s¡Z¡ Ap`Ops L$fsp„ `l¡gp„ s¡_p ifuf_p dX$v$p_¡ kpeÞk_p qfkQ® dpV¡$ hp`fhp v¡$hp_u d„S|>fu ANpD\u gMu lsu. s¡Z¡ s¡_p¡ ApÐdp Ad¡qfL$p_p V²¡$Tfu k¡¾¡$V$fu A¡ÞX³$ d¡g__¡ v$p_dp„ Ap`hp gMu fpM¡gy„- s¡Z¡ L$V$pn L$ep£ lsp¡. Å¡ L$gL$Ñp L¡$ qv$ëlu_p Ap`Ops L$f_pfp Ap Ad¡qfL$__u _L$g L$f¡ sp¡ S>ê$f gMu Ås L¡$ s¡d_p¡ ApÐdp eih„s tklp_¡ c¡V$ Ap`Å¡. S>¡\u `p¡sp_p bS>¡V$_¡ L$v$u S> S|>Wy„$ bp¡gu_¡ õV$p¡L$ dpL£$V$sfau (Stock Market Friendly) _ NZ¡ .

Þey ep¡L®$ L$pDÞV$u V²$õV$ b¡[ÞL„$N L„$`_u (cpfs_u klL$pfu b¡ÞL$p¡_u L$np_u)_p âdyM S>¡çk qfAp¡X®$_¡ Ap`Ops L$ep£ Ðepf¡ s¡_p¡ rdÓ s¡_p Of¡ v$p¡X$u Nep¡. s¡Z¡ d¡qX$L$g A¡¼Tpqd_f_¡ L$üy„ L¡$, Ap Ap`Ops_u hps_¡ v$pV$u v¡$Å¡, Å¡ Ap Ap`Ops_u azg-õV$p¡fu blpf Aphi¡ sp¡ b¡ÞL$_p qX$`p¡qTV$fp¡ b¡ÞL$ `f v$fp¡X$p `pX$u_¡ b¡ÞL$_¡ DW$pX$u d|L$i¡. A¡ hMs_y„ ×íe cpfs Mps¡ A¡gQu flu Q|L¡$gp Älp¡_ L¡_¡\ N¡gb°¡\¡ s¡d_p `yõsL$dp„ g¿ey„ R>¡. N¡gb°¡\¡ g¿ey„ R>¡ L¡$ s¡ kde¡ Þey ep¡L®$ L$pDÞV$u V²$õV$ b¡ÞL$_p âdyM_p rdÓp¡ fpscf s¡_p ãg¡V$dp„ d©sv¡$l_u ApSy>bpSy> b¡W$p lsp. A¡L$ bpSy> s¡Ap¡ d©sv¡$l D`f _S>f fpMsp lsp A_¡ buÆ _S>f Þey ep¡L®$_u i¡fbÅf D`f fpMsp lsp.

"^ N°¡V$ ¾¡$i' _pd_p N¡gb°¡\_p `yõsL$dp„ A¡ S>dp_pdp„ (1929dp„) S>bf ¾¡$i_u fkâv$ rhNsp¡ R>¡. A¡ `l¡gp„ 1874dp„ kp_ äp[ÞkõL$p¡_u i¡fbÅfdp„ d„v$u Aphu Ðepf¡ "kp_ äp[ÞkõL$p¡ ¾$p¡q_L$g' _pd_p v¥$r_L¡$ fp¡S>¡fp¡S> Ap`Ops_p kdpQpfp¡ R>p`hp dpV¡$ A¡L$ Sy>v$u S> S>Áep A_pds fpMu lsu. s¡_p d\pmpdp„ A¡L$ Mp¡`X$u A_¡ b¡ Qp¡L$X$uhpmp„ lpX$L$p„ Qusfu fpM¡gp„! s¡ L$V$pfdp„ d„ybC_p„ NyS>fpsu AMbpfp¡dp„ kpv$X$u_p kdpQpfp¡ R>`pe R>¡ s¡hp Ap`Ops_p kdpQpfp¡ R>`psp lsp. `f„sy dpÓ i¡fbÅfdp„ kË$p¡ L$fu_¡ Ap`Ops L$f_pfp_¡ S> s¡ _pdphqgdp„ õ\p_ dmsy„ lsy„! _hpC_u hps A¡ b_u L¡$ Ap d„v$u A¡V$gu ìep`L$ A_¡ gp„bu _uL$mu L¡$ `p„Q hj® ky^u A¡ Ap`Ops_u Mp¡`X$uhpmu L$V$pf Qpgy fpMhu `X$u. `p„Q hj® ky^u d„v$u A_¡ Ap`Ops_u `f„`fp Qpgy flu lsu. A¡L$ qv$hk sp¡ 65 S>¡V$gp Ap`Ops \e¡gp.

`¡[Þkgh¡r_ep fpÄe_p L$b°õsp_dp„ sp¡ 1929_u d„v$u `R>u A¡L$ díL$fp dpZk¡ bp¡X®$ dpey¯ lsy„ L¡$, "Ap L$b°õsp_dp„ i¡f_p¡ kË$p¡ L$f_pfp L$p¡C s¡_p rdÓ_p MfMf¡ Aph¡ sp¡ L$p¡C_u L$bf D`f `X¡$gp„ awg g¡hp„ _l]. L$pfZ L¡$ A¡L$ qv$hk `p¡s¡ S> Ap L$b°õsp_dp„ Aphhp_p¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ awg Å¡Csp„ lp¡e sp¡ s¡_¡ V|„$L$ kdedp„ `p¡sp_u S> L$bfdp„\u dmi¡.'

Adv$phpv$_p„ b¡ AMbpfp¡_p i¡fbÅf_p L$V$pfg¡ML$p¡ eih„s tklp_p bS>¡V$_p„ hMpZ L$fsp„ \pL$sp„ _lp¡sp„. A¡ s¡Æ_y„ bS>¡V$ d„v$u_y„ A_¡ Ap`Ops_y„ bS>¡V$ b_u Ney„ R>¡. 1825dp„ HÁg¡ÞX$dp„ d„v$u Aphu s¡ `l¡gp„ rb°V$__u `pg®d¡ÞV$dp„ fp¡qb_k_ _pd_p _pZp„ â^p__p bS>¡V$_p„ cpfp¡cpf hMpZ \sp„ lsp„. s¡d_¡ gp¡L$p¡ "âp¡õ`¡qfV$u fp¡qb_k_' L$l¡hp gpN¡gp, `Z \ey„ EgVy„$. bS>¡V$ `R>u A¡hu d„v$u Aphu L¡$ ApW$dp cpN_u rb°qV$i b¡ÞL$p¡ EW$u NC. g„X$__u R> b¡ÞL$p¡A¡ `¡d¡ÞV$ AV$L$phu v$u^p„ A_¡ _pZp„ â^p_ fp¡qb_k__p bS>¡V$_¡ s¡Æhpmy„ bS>¡V$ L$l¡_pfp bfbpv$ \C Ne¡gp! cpfsdp„ eih„s tklp_p bS>¡V$_¡ s¡Æhpmy„ L$l¡_pfpA¡ r_v$p£j _p_p BÞh¡õV$fp¡_¡ bfbpv$ L$ep® R>¡.

i¡fbÅf A_¡ qX$`p¡rTV$fp¡_p¡ ^kpfp¡ : k„b„r^s Al¡hpgp¡
L$fp¡X$p¡ ê$r`ep_p byrge_ L$p¥cp„X$dp„ ¼gpqkL$ L$p¡-Ap¡`f¡qV$h b¡ÞL$ kpd¡ kubuApBdp„ aqfepv$ v$pMg L$fsu õV¡$V$ b¡ÞL$
dp^h`yfp b¡ÞL$ afu iê$ \C
qfTh® b¡ÞL$ Üpfp dp^h`yfp b¡ÞL$_p AÝen A_¡ d¡_¡tS>N qX$f¡¼V$f kpd¡ `p¡gukaqfepv$ v$pMg
dp^h`yfp b¢L$_y„ L$pdL$pS> kõ`¡ÞX$
Adv$phpv$_u dp^h`yfp b¢L$dp„ qX$`p¡qTV$k®_p¡ ^kpfp¡!

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?