rhv¡$i krQh A_¡ fpÄe`pg sfuL¡$ flu Q|L¡$gp fp¡d¡i c„X$pfu `p„Q v$peL$p\u _¡`pm_p fpS>`qfhpf_¡ ÅZ¡ R>¡. fpÅ op_¡ÞÖ kp\¡ sp¡ s¡d_¡ kp\¡ qX²$ÞL$ g¡hp S>¡hp¡ k„b„^ R>¡. 1951dp„ _l¡fy_p ârsr_r^ sfuL¡$ L$pW$d„Xy$ Nep lsp. gp¡L$iplu v$pMg L$fhpdp„ fpÅ qÓcyh_ MQL$psp lsp s¡ rhi¡ _l¡fyA¡ s¡dp„ `p¡sp_u _pfpS>Nu ìe¼s L$fu lsu. iugp cË$ kp\¡_u A¡L$ dygpL$psdp„ fp¡d¡i c„X$pfu fpÅ op_¡ÞÖ_p Ly$Vy„$b_p¡ bQph¡ L$f¡ R>¡.

`l¡gu S|>_ `R>u _¡`pmdp„ b_¡gu OV$_pAp¡_¡ sd¡ L$C fus¡ Sy>Ap¡ R>p¡?
d_¡ _¡`pm dpV¡$ tQsp \pe R>¡. fpÅiplu _¡`pm_u A¡L$sp_y„ âsuL$ lsu. Å¡ fpÅiplu_¡ Akf \pe sp¡ v¡$i_¡ Akf \pe. d_¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ blpf_p„ `qfbmp¡ L$fsp„e Ap„sqfL$ sÒhp¡ S> AÐepf¡ _¡`pmdp„ NfbX$ `¡v$p L$fu füp R>¡. d_¡ Mpsfu R>¡ L¡$ fpÅ op_¡ÞÖ_u Aq_ÃR>p R>sp„ "L$p[Þs`yf'_p s„Óu A_¡ âL$piL$_u ^f`L$X$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

ip dpV¡$ A¡hy„ \ey„ li¡? L$p¡_¡ fpÅ_¡ dyíL¡$gudp„ d|L$hpdp„ fk lp¡C iL¡$?
_¡`pmdp„ L¡$V$gpL$ gp¡L$p¡ A¡hy„ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ fpÅ op_¡ÞÖ dpAp¡hpv$uAp¡sfau R>¡. Ap hps kpQu _\u. dpAp¡hpv$uAp¡ sp¡ fpÅiplu_u rhfyÙ R>¡. fpÅiplu A_¡ gp¡L$iplu kp\¡ Qpgu iL¡$ s¡d R>¡. fpÅiplu A_¡ kpçehpv$ kp\¡ _ flu iL¡$.

sp¡ `R>u lÐepL$p„X$ dpV¡$ L$p¡Z S>hpbv$pf R>¡?
lh¡ sp¡ A¡ bpbsdp„ L$p¡C i„L$p _\u L¡$ v$u`¡ÞÖ S> s¡d_p dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf lsp. OZp b^p kpnuAp¡ Ap dpV¡$ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡dp„ L$p¡C i„L$p fl¡su _\u.

`pfk A_¡ s¡d_u dpsp_¡ L„$C \ey„ _\u. s¡ rhrQÓ _\u gpNsy„?
Sy>Ap¡, lz„ Al] L$p¡C_p¡ bQph L$fsp¡ _\u. A¡ L$pd sp¡ fpS>dl¡g¡ L$fhp_y„ R>¡. `Z A¡V$gy„ kdS>hp L$p¡rii L$fp¡ L¡$ fpS>`qfhpfdp„ L$p¡C dyØp `f dsc¡v$ lp¡C iL¡$ R>¡. Ap TOX$pdp„ A¡hy„ b_u iL¡$ L¡$ lpg_p fpÅ A_¡ s¡d_p v$uL$fp `pfk v$u`¡ÞÖ_u sfa¡Z L$fsp lp¡e. s¡Ap¡ L$v$pQ s¡d_p â¡dâk„N L¡$ AÞe bpbs¡ kd\®_ Ap`sp„ lp¡C s¡hy„ b_u iL¡$.

s¡Ap¡ `p¡sp_p L$pL$p `pk¡\u dpN®v$i®_ A_¡ kgpl g¡sp li¡. s¡_p L$pfZ¡ Np¡mubpf L$fsu hMs¡ `Z s¡d_p d_dp„ Ap hps li¡. A¡hy„ dp_u gCA¡ L¡$ op_¡ÞÖ A¡ dpV¡$ klds li¡ L¡$ v$u`¡ÞÖ_p gÁ_ v¡hep_u kp\¡ \pe. Apd `Z s¡d_p v$uL$fp_p„ gÁ_ `Z fpS>õ\p__p rkL$f_u Ly„$hfu kp\¡ S> \ep„ R>¡.

`pfk A_¡ s¡_p r`sp `p¡sp_¡ kd\®_ Ap`sp lsp A¡V$g¡ s¡d_p `f v$u`¡ÞÖ¡ Np¡mubpf _ L$ep£ A¡ hps sL®$bÙ gpN¡ R>¡. `f„sy sd¡ A¡hy„ _ L$lu iL$p¡ L¡$ `pfk lÐepL$p„X$ dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf R>¡. s¡ dpV¡$ Qu_ L¡$ kuApBA¡ L¡$ fp¡ S>hpbv$pf R>¡ A¡hu hps L$fhu `Z hprleps R>¡.

fpÅ_y„ ApMy„ Ly$Vy„$b Msd \C Ney„ Ðepf¡ `pfk kph S> bQu Nep R>¡ s¡_p L$pfZ¡ L¡$V$gpL$ khpgp¡ Ecp \pe R>¡.
`pfk S> v$u`¡ÞÖ_¡ s¡d_p ê$ddp„ gC Nep lsp. `pfk s¡d_p sfa gpNZu ^fphsp lsp. s¡ bÞ_¡_¡ kpfyy„ b_sy„ lsy„. s¡dZ¡ v$u`¡ÞÖ_¡ L$üy„ lsy„ L¡$, "v$pv$p lh¡ bk \ey„. lz„ spfp¡ cpC Ry>„.' fpS>dl¡g_p„ L¡$V$gp„L$ hs®ymp¡ `pk¡\u d_¡ ÅZhp dþey„ R>¡ L¡$ `pfk¡ i¼e A¡V$gp gp¡L$p¡_¡ bQphu g¡hp dpV¡$ L$p¡rii L$fu lsu. s¡ dpV¡$ s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p¡ Æh Å¡Mddp„ _p¿ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ `p„Q L¡$ R> gp¡L$p¡_¡ bQphu gu^p. kp¥\u h^pf¡ ApOps sp¡ fpÅ op_¡ÞÖ_¡ S> gpÁep¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ lQdQu Nep R>¡.

fpS>dl¡g_p L$d®QpfuAp¡ (A¡X$uku, dv$v$_uip¡) L¡$d bQu Nep?
s¡ b^p buÅ ê$ddp„ lsp. A¡hy„ `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ `qfhpfdp„ L$p¡C hps¡ QQp® Qpgsu lsu A¡V$g¡ b^p A¡X$uku_¡ blpf S>sp„ fl¡hp L$l¡hpey„ lsy„. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ L$p¥Vy„$rbL$ dpdgp dpV¡$ c¡Np \ep lsp. L$p¡C kÑphpf cp¡S>_ kdpf„c _lp¡sp¡.

fpÅ op_¡ÞÖ cpfsrhfp¡^u R>¡?
A¡ A¡L$ âQpf R>¡. lz„ 1985-86dp„ rhv¡$i krQh lsp¡ Ðepf¡ `Z Aphp¡ Apn¡` \ep¡ lsp¡. lz„ sd_¡ dpfp A„Ns A_ychdp„\u hps L$fy„ sp¡ fpÆh hX$p â^p_ bÞep s¡ `l¡gp„ kp¡r_ep kp\¡ _¡`pm_u dygpL$ps¡ Nep lsp. s¡Ap¡ op_¡ÞÖ_p dl¡dp_ sfuL¡$ Nep lsp.

fpÆh hX$p â^p_ bÞep s¡ `R>u op_¡ÞÖ s¡d_u kp\¡ r_erds k„`L®$ fpMsp lsp. fpÆh kÑp `f\u Esfu Nep `R>u `Z s¡d_u kp\¡ op_¡ÞÖ_p¡ k„`L®$ lsp¡. lz„ qv$ëludp„ g¡ãV$_ÞV$ Nh_®f lsp¡ Ðepf¡ `Z _¡`pmdp„ dpfp k„`L$p£ Æh„s lsp.

A¡L$ hpf fpÆh Np„^u_¡ L$p¡C hps¡ fpÅ buf¡ÞÖ kp\¡ N¡fkdS>Z \C lsu. Ðepf¡ _¡`pmdp„\u dpfp¡ k„`L®$ kp^u_¡ L$l¡hpey„ lsy„ L¡$ dpf¡ fpÆh Np„^u_¡ kdÅhhp. Bõgpdpbpv$dp„ kpL®$_u b¡W$L hMs¡ fpÆh Np„^uA¡ khpf¡ b°¡L$apõV$dp„ kp¥_¡ r_d„ÓZ Apàey„ lsy„ s¡dp„ fpÅ buf¡ÞÖ N¡flpS>f lsp. s¡ fpÆh Np„^u_y„ A`dp_ lsy„ A¡hp¡ A\® s¡dp„\u L$pY$hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. `f„sy op_¡ÞÖ¡ cpfs_¡ kdÅìey„ L¡$ Ap A¡hu L$p¡C N„cuf bpbs _\u.

1993dp„ hX$p â^p_ _ftkl fph¡ L$p¢N°¡k `n_p L¡$V$gpL$ L$pd dpV¡$ d_¡ L$pW$d„Xy$ dp¡L$ëep¡ lsp¡. op_¡ÞÖ¡ d_¡ Mpk s¡d_p dl¡gdp„ bp¡gpìep¡ lsp¡ A_¡ Ad¡ kp\¡ qX²$ÞL$ `Z gu^y„ lsy„. s¡ hMs¡ s¡dZ L$üy„ lsy„ L¡$ cpfsrhfp¡^u lp¡hp_p¡ L$p¡C khpg S> _\u. s¡dZ¡ L$üy„ lsy„ L¡$ Å¡ sd¡ _¡`pmu lp¡ sp¡ sd¡ cpfsrhfp¡^u L¡$ Qu_rhfp¡^u _ b_u iL$p¡. sdpf¡ bÞ_¡ hÃQ¡ b¡g¡Þk fpMhy„ `X¡$.

op_¡ÞÖ kyrirns R>¡. s¡d_¡ `ep®hfZ A_¡ hÞe Æh_dp„ rhi¡j fk R>¡. \p¡X$p hMs `l¡gp„ s¡Ap¡ Ap`Zp fpóV²$`rs_¡ Ap bpbsdp„ dþep lsp. s¡d_p„ `p¡sp_p„ rbT_¡k rlsp¡ `Z R>¡. L$pW$d„Xy$dp„ s¡d_u apBh õV$pf kp¡ëV$u lp¡V¡$g Aph¡gu R>¡. s¡d_p L¡$V$gpL$ rbT_¡k cpfs kp\¡ R>¡. d_¡ sp¡ dÅ_p dpZk gpÁep R>¡.

`f„sy rhv¡$i d„Ópge_p Ar^L$pfuAp¡ L„$CL$ Sy>vy„$ S> rQÓ fS|> L$fu füp R>¡.
rhv¡$i d„Ópge_p kp¡k}T `n`psu R>¡. lz„ sd_¡ L$pW$d„Xy$_p„ kp¥\u Ap^pfc|s hs®ymp¡_¡ V$p„L$u_¡ L$lu iLy„$ L¡$ fpÅ op_¡ÞÖ cpfsrhfp¡^u _\u. lL$uL$sdp„ s¡d_¡ cpfs kp\¡_p kpfp k„b„^p¡_p apev$p_p¡ ¿epg R>¡.

Ap`Zp¡ sp¡ rhipm v¡$i R>¡. Ap v¡$i_p A\®s„Ó_p QY$ph-Dspf_u Akf `X$p¡iu v¡$ip¡ D`f `Z \pe R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ Ap`Zp `f Ap^pqfs R>¡. _¡`pm `pk¡ v$qfepqL$_pfp¡ _\u. Mp„X$ A_¡ _dL$\u dp„X$u_¡ `¡V²$p¡g ky^u_u b^u S> hõsy cpfsdp„\u Åe R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ Ap b^y„ L„$C Qu_, b„Ngp v¡$i L¡$ `pqL$õsp_ `pk¡\u d¡mhu iL¡$ _l].

v$u`¡ÞÖ-v$¡hep_u_u â¡dL$lp_u rhi¡ sd¡ iy„ ÅZp¡ R>p¡?
Ap A¡L$ N°uL$ V²¡$S>¡X$u R>¡. Ap OV$_p A¡ hps_y„ Dv$plfZ R>¡ L¡$ buÆ b^u S> bpbsp¡\u â¡d D`f R>¡. Å¡L¡$ s¡d_p¡ â¡d A¡V$gp¡ KX$p¡ lsp¡ L¡$ L¡$d s¡ s`pk_p¡ rhje R>¡.

`Z s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p„ dpbp`_¡ `Z Msd L$fu _p¿ep„ R>¡.
Sy>Ap¡, sd¡ afu A¡d ^pfu füp„ R>p¡ L¡$ v¡$hep_u_¡ L$pfZ¡ lÐepL$p„X$ \ep¡ R>¡. lz„ L$lz„ R>¡ L¡$ S>ê$fu _\u L¡$ A¡ S> dyØp_¡ L$pfZ¡ rhMhpv$ lp¡e.

A¡L$ hps sp¡ õ`ô$ R>¡ L¡$ v$u`¡ÞÖ M|b S> `u^¡gu lpgsdp„ lsp A_¡ s¡dZ¡ L$p¡L¡$_ `Z gu^y„ lsy„. Aphy„ rdîZ dpZk_p dNS> dpV¡$ Msf_pL$ kprbs \C iL¡$ R>¡. Aphp _ip_u Akf_u L$ë`_p L$fp¡. s¡_p L$pfZ¡ dpZk lhpdp„ EX$hp gpN¡ R>¡ A_¡ v$f¡L$ hpsdp„ Arsiep¡[¼s S> L$fhp gpN¡ R>¡.

sd¡ â¡dpm õhcph_p lp¡ sp¡ b^p_¡ S> c¡V$u `X$p¡ A_¡ L$lp¡ L¡$ lz„ sd_¡ blz Qplz„ Ry>„, blz Qplz„ Ry>„. sd¡ Nyõkphpmp lp¡ sp¡ sdpfp¡ fp¡j L$pb| blpf S>sp¡ fl¡ R>¡. Aphu [õ\rsdp„ _p_u hps_¡ `Z v$u`¡ÞÖ A`dp_ kdÆ b¡W$p lp¡e. `u^¡gu lpgsdp„ lp¡hp\u s¡d_¡ L$l¡hpey„ L¡$ sd¡ sdpfu ê$ddp„ S>sp flp¡ sp¡ s¡d_¡ gpÁey„ lp¡e L¡$ Ap sp¡ dpfy„ A`dp_ R>¡. b^p_u lpS>fudp„ d_¡ ê$ddp„ S>hp_y„ L$l¡_pf Ap L$p¡Z A¡d s¡d_¡ \ey„ lp¡e. A¡hp hMs¡ sd¡ L$p¡L¡$_ gp¡ sp¡ sdpfy„ dNS> bl¡f S> dpfu Åe. sdpfp lp\dp„ diu_N_ lp¡e sp¡ sd_¡ \pe L¡$ kp¥_¡ `pW$ cZphu v$J. A¡ hMs¡ sd¡ `pNg S> b_u Nep lp¡.

Å¡ Ap hps kpQu dp_uA¡ sp¡ `R>u s¡d_pdp„ `pfk `f Np¡mubpf _ L$fhp S>¡V$gu k|^b|^ L$C fus¡ li¡?
`Z sdpfp AÅN°s d_dp„ s¡ hps lp¡e S> R>¡. `pfk kp\¡ s¡d_¡ rdÓsp lsu. gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$phsfy„ lp¡hp_u Ap r\efu blz Ndsu lp¡e R>¡. Af¡ bpbp Ap sp¡ _kub_p M¡g R>¡. sdpfy„ _kub `Z sd_¡ bQphu iL¡$. r_f„S>_ s¡d_u dpsp_¡ bQphhp hÃQ¡ _ Apìep lp¡s sp¡ s¡Ap¡ `Z bQu Nep lp¡s. Mf¡Mf iy„ bÞey„ lsy„ s¡ ÅZ_pfp gp¡L$p¡ kp\¡ d¢ hps L$fu R>¡.

sp¡ sd_¡ Mpsfu S> R>¡ L¡$ v$u`¡ÞÖ¡ lÐepAp¡ L$fu lsu?
sd¡ A¡ hps kdÅ¡ L¡$ s¡ dpZk_y„ dNS> Ðepf¡ L$pb|dp„ _lp¡sy„. _ip¡ L$f¡gp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ X²$N gu^y„ lsy„. s¡ dpV¡$_p d¡qX$L$g `yfphp `Z R>¡. eyqf_ V¡$õV$dp„ L¡$V$gp¡ _ip¡ lsp¡ s¡_p¡ ¿epg Apìep¡ R>¡. OZp hMs\u s¡d_¡ dpspr`sp `f sp¡ fp¡j lsp¡ S> A_¡ s¡d_¡ gpNsy„ lsy„ L¡$ s¡d_y„ A`dp_ \pe R>¡.

Å¡ v$u`¡ÞÖ¡ S> lÐepAp¡ L$fu lsu sp¡ ip dpV¡$ s¡d_u A„rsdrhr^Ap¡ TX$`\u L$fu v¡$hpC? fpS>`qfhpfp¡_u sp¡ A„rsdrhr^Ap¡ `Z dp¡V$p `pe¡ \su lp¡e R>¡.
s¡ dpV¡$_p¡ r_Z®e L$v$pQ gp¡L$p¡_u gpNZuAp¡ A_¡ s¡ hMs_u kgpdsu_u bpbs_¡ Ýep_dp„ gC_¡ L$fpep¡ li¡. Å¡ gpNZu cX$L$u EW¡$ A¡hp¡ dp¡L$p¡ Ap`p¡ sp¡ L$pW$d„Xy$ kmNu EW¡$. Ap A¡L$ blz rhrQÓ [õ\rs lsu. õh. fpÅ A_¡ s¡d_p Ly$Vy„$b dpV¡$_u gp¡L$p¡_u gpNZu_¡ kdS>hu S>ê$fu lsu.

Ap rhcpN Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?