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This article was first published 15 years ago

Meet the world's most powerful women politicians

Last updated on: August 20, 2009 

Image: Congress chief Sonia Gandhi addresses the media with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Photographs: B Mathur/Reuters

Congress President Sonia Gandhi has been ranked among top 50 of the World's 100 Most Powerful Women list compiled by Forbes. Gandhi improved her ranking from 21 last year to 13 this year.

The landslide victory in the recent general election further strengthened her position as the leader of "India's most powerful political party" -- Indian National Congress. 

The rankings are a combination of two scores: visibility -- by press mentions -- and the size of the organization or country these women lead. 

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Mayawati, who was ranked 59th in last year's list, did not figure in the latest list put up on Forbes.com. ...

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: German Chancellor Angela Merkel passes in front of the painting 'Der 9. November' by German artist Hans-Peter Zimmer in the Chancellery in Berlin
Photographs: Fabrizio Bensch/Reuters

For the fourth consecutive year, German Chancellor Angela Merkel tops the Forbes list.

According to Forbes, up for re-election this September, Merkel -- leader of the world's fourth-largest economy -- faces a tough year: Germany's GDP is expected to shrink this year despite a small uptick in the second quarter.

As a female politician from a centre right party, and a scientist, many in foreign press have compared Merkel to former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Some have referred to her as "Iron Lady", "Iron Girl" and even "The Iron Frau".

She was the first female German chancellor and the youngest German chancellor since the Second World War

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner speaks during a news conference at the government palace in Buenos Aires
Photographs: Enrique Marcarian/Reuters

Argentine President Cristina Fernandez is ranked 11 in the list.

A member of the Justicialist Party, she was a Senator for Buenos Aires province prior to taking office. She is the wife of former Argentine President Nestor Kirchner, and acted as First Lady during his term. In the October 2007 general election, Fernandez successfully ran for the presidency of Argentina, representing the ruling Front for Victory party.

She suffered a setback in recent mid-term elections that cost the ruling Peronist Party control of both houses of Congress.

According to Forbes, a cabinet reorganization in July may not be enough to fix the country's socioeconomic instability, which many blame on the government's nationalization of AFJP private pensions as well as the conflict with farmers over grain taxes.

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde and President Nicolas Sarkozy attend a meeting with industrial research leaders in Venelles
Photographs: Philippe Wojazer/Reuters

Christine Lagarde, the first female finance minister of a G-8 economy, is ranked 17th on your list.

In 2008, Forbes ranked Lagarde the 14th most powerful woman in the world.

A noted antitrust and labour lawyer, Lagarde made history as the first female chairman of the international law firm Baker & McKenzie. She has been awarded France's highest honor, the Legion d'honneur.

She was previously Minister of Agriculture and Fishing and Minister of Trade in the government of Dominique de Villepin.

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva chats with his Chilean counterpart Michelle Bachelet during their meeting in Sao Paulo
Photographs: Paulo Whitaker/Reuters

Chile's first female president Michelle Bachelet is ranked 22nd in the list. In 2008, she was ranked 25th in the list.

A centre-left politician, she won the 2006 presidential election in a runoff, beating center-right billionaire businessman and former senator Sebastian Pinera.

Bachelet's cabinet of ministers comprised an equal number of men and women, as was promised during her campaign.

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: Speaker of the House Rep Nancy Pelosi speaks during a news conference in the US Capitol in Washington
Photographs: Molly Riley/Reuters

Nancy Pelosi, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, is ranked 35th in the list.

Pelosi is the first female Speaker of the House of Representatives.

As Speaker of the House, Pelosi is second in the line of presidential succession, following Vice President Joe Biden, which makes her the highest-ranking female politician in United States history.

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: Hillary Rodham Clinton with US President Barack Obama at Saint Anselm College in Manchester, New Hampshire
Photographs: Brian Snyder/Reuters

United States Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton is ranked 36th in the Forbes list.

Clinton spent her initial days as Secretary of State telephoning dozens of world leaders and indicating that US foreign policy would change direction: "We have a lot of damage to repair."

In February 2009, Clinton made her first trip as secretary to Asia, visiting Japan, Indonesia, South Korea, and China on what she described as a 'listening tour' that was 'intended to really find a path forward'. She continued to travel heavily in her first months in office, often getting very enthusiastic responses by engaging with the local populace

Her first 100 days found her travelling over 70,000 miles (110,000 km), having no trouble adapting to being a team player subordinate to Obama, and gaining skills as an executive.

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: US First Lady Michelle Obama sits with daughters Sasha and Malia during the White House jazz studio event, part of the White House Music Series, in Washington
Photographs: Kevin Lamarque/Reuters

United States First lady Michelle Obama, a champion for working women and the families of the US military, appears at Number 40.

With the ascent of her husband as a prominent national politician, Michelle Obama, like all other first ladies, has become a part of popular culture. In May 2006, Essence magazine listed her among '25 of the World's Most Inspiring Women'.

In July 2007, Vanity Fair magazine listed her among '10 of the World's Best Dressed People'.

Recently, she has been trying to divert the media's attention from her fashion tastes to her charitable image. She has stated that she would like to focus attention as First Lady on issues of concern to military families and working families.

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: Britain's Queen Elizabeth attends the Order of the Garter service at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle in Windsor
Photographs: Chris Jackson/Pool/Reuters

Britain's Queen Elizabeth II is ranked 42 on the Forbes list

The British monarch is one of the world's most powerful and respected heads of state, though she exercises very little executive power.

According to Forbes, during her 57-year reign, she counselled 12 British prime ministers -- from Winston Churchill to today's Gordon Brown -- who have all taken her advice seriously, and she has seen her country through numerous crises with a sense of quiet fortitude and discipline.

The Queen's personal fortune has been the subject of speculation for many years. Forbes estimated her net worth at around $600 million (330 million pounds), but official Buckingham Palace statements called estimates of 100 million pounds 'grossly overstated'.

The world's most powerful women politicians

Image: Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko meets depositors in banks suffering in the global financial crisis in Kiev
Photographs: Konstantin Chernichkin/Reuters

Yulia Tymoshenko, Ukraine's first female prime minister, is ranked 47 in the Forbes list.

Before becoming Ukraine's PM, Tymoshenko was one of the key leaders of the Orange Revolution (A series of protests and political events that took place in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005, in the immediate aftermath of the run-off vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, which was claimed to be marred by massive corruption, voter intimidation and direct electoral fraud).

Prior to her political career, Tymoshenko was a successful but controversial businesswoman in the gas industry, which made her wealthy.

Tymoshenko first became prime minister in 2005 between January 24 and September 8. She was elected to the post again on December 18, 2007.

It is believed that she is a candidate in the presidential elections in 2010.