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The conflict: a timeline
1947
August 12: Jammu and Kashmir monarch Hari Singh offers a Standstill Agreement, proposing a hands-off policy by India and Pakistan on his state. Both countries agree.August 15:
Partition of British India. India and Pakistan become two independent nations.
October 22:
Pakistan attempts to capture Kashmir. Sends in an irregular army comprising mainly Pathan tribesmen.
October 24:
Pakistan occupies one-third of Kashmir, which remains with it even today. Islamabad calls it 'Azad Kashmir' or Liberated Kashmir, while in India it is known as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
As the tribal army continues its invasion, Hari Singh runs away from Srinagar to Jammu.
October 26: Maharaja Hari Singh signs
the Instrument of Accession with India. Kashmir becomes part of India.
October 27: Responding to Hari Singh's request, the Indian army's 1st Sikh Regiment lands at Srinagar. The invaders are pushed back.
The conflict: A timeline
1948
January: India and Pakistan go to war over Kashmir and finally agree to withdraw all troops behind a mutually agreed ceasefire line.The conflict: A timeline
January 1: Ceasefire declared between India and Pakistan.January 5: The United Nations passes a resolution for plebiscite in Jammu and Kashmir. Asks Pakistan to vacate Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
October 17: Article 370 adopted. It confers a special status on J&K in the Constitution.
The conflict: A timeline
1951
October: Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of the National Conference elected unopposed as prime minister in a 75-member state assembly.The conflict: A timeline
1952
July 24: Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru announces a special position for J&K under the Delhi Agreement between India and J&K.August 7: Nehru declares in Parliament that "the people of Kashmir are sovereign".
The conflict: A timeline
1953
August 9: Sheikh Abdullah arrested at Gulmarg, charged with conspiracy against the state.June 22: Jana Sangh founder Dr Shyama Prasad Mookherjee dies in custody in Srinagar. Mookherjee was arrested after he violated the 'permit system' for entry into J&K. He was accompanied by his then secretary, Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
The conflict: A timeline
1962
October 20:China attacks Ladakh, occupies around 15,000 sq miles before declaring a ceasefire in November.The conflict: A timeline
1964
May: Sheikh Abdullah sent to Pakistan where he meets Ayub Khan. But the parleys are cut short following Nehru's death.The conflict: A timeline
1965
March 30: State Constitution amended; Sadar-e-Reyasat and prime minister now known as governor and chief minister, respectively.August 1965 : War breaks out between India and Pakistan. The war ends when both countries decide to adopt a UN-sponsored resolution to stick to the Line of Control.
The conflict: A timeline
1966
January 11: Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri signs Tashkent Agreement with Pakistani Prime Minister Ayub Khan. Shastri dies in Tashkent immediately after.The conflict: A timeline
1971
December: The second Indo-Pak war, Bangladesh is born. Assembly elections declared in early 1972. Jamat-e-Islami contests for the first time. Sheikh Abdullah waters down his stand on plebiscite.The conflict: A timeline
1972
July 2: The Simla Agreement signed, Ceasefire Line converted into the Line of Control.The conflict: A timeline
1974
November 3: Sheikh Abdullah inks an agreement with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In February 1975, he takes over as chief minister, replacing Syed Mir Qasim. Dissolves the Plebiscite Front on July 5, 1975. The plebiscite plea revived in the early 80s. Maqbool Bhat's National Liberation Front launches an underground anti-India campaign. Violence as a means to an end makes its debut in Kashmir.The conflict: A timeline
1984
February 11: Maqbool Bhat hanged in Tihar Jail on charges of murder and conspiracy.The conflict: A timeline
1988
August 1: Two blasts take place at Central Telegraph Office and Srinagar Club.September 18: AK assault rifles used for the first time when militants storm the residence of then DIG of Kashmir, A M Watali. Officials say between 1988-2002, nearly 40,000 have been killed. Groups like the All-Parties Hurriyat Conference claim 80,000 casualties.
The conflict: A timeline
February 21: Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee signs the Lahore Declaration with Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharief.May 5: First Pakistani troops spotted on Batalik heights by two shepherds.
May 6: Army patrol send to flush out troops, doesn't return.
May 7: The Indian army patrols detect intruders on Kargil ridges in Kashmir. India fights to regain lost territory.
May 26: Indian Army launches Operation Vijay.
July 26: Kargil war is officially over.
The conflict: A timeline
2000
February 22: Prime Minister Vajpayee extends the unilateral ceasefire by three months.March 19: US President Bill Clinton arrives in India, beginning his six-day visit to South Asia, partly in an attempt to ease relations between Pakistan and India over Kashmir.
July 25: Hizbul Mujahedeen, a pro-Pakistan Kashmiri militant group, declares a unilateral ceasefire for three months in Jammu and Kashmir.
August 3: India begins peace talks with Hizbul Mujahideen, in Srinagar.
August 8: HM calls off its two-week-old ceasefire and orders its forces to resume fighting Indian troops.
November 19: Vajpayee announces security forces will suspend combat operations against militants in Jammu and Kashmir state during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan.
November 26: Vajpayee declares a unilateral ceasefire.
November 27: India puts a ceasefire into effect in Kashmir.
December 23: Pakistan-based guerrilla group, Lashkar-e-Tayiba, claims responsibility for a deadly attack on New Delhi's historic Red Fort.
The conflict: A timeline
2001
May 23: India ends a six-month military ceasefire in Kashmir. Invites Pakistan's military ruler General Pervez Musharraf to peace talks.
May 28: Musharraf formally accepts the invitation.
July 14-16: Musharraf and Vajpayee meet in Agra for a three-day summit. The talks fail to produce a joint statement on Kashmir.
The conflict: A timeline
2002
Two events characterized the year. Namely, the constitution of the Kashmir Committee and a change of guard in the state.
The Kashmir Committee, headed by former Union law minister Ram Jethmalani, held several rounds of talks with separatist leaders -- a move welcomed by Pakistan.
The change of guard followed the election to the 87-member state assembly, which saw the rout of the ruling National Conference. The election was held in four phases, on September 16, September 24, October 1, and October 8.
The election period saw increased terrorist violence in the state, killing some 800 people in two months.
And the Kashmir conflict continues..
