The ruling by the Land Court of Queensland sets Adani back on track to proceed with the stalled A$10 billion ($7 billion) project in the undeveloped Galilee Basin that could generate billions of dollars in export revenue for Australia.
However it adds to pressure on the Australian government just days after it joined some 200 countries in signing a climate deal in Paris which is intended to curb the use of fossil fuels.
The mine got the sign-off from Environment Minister Greg Hunt in October after the company cleared concerns about two rare outback species, but a conservation group challenged the decision, saying it would contribute to climate change and spoil groundwater and the Great Barrier Reef.
Land Court president Carmel MacDonald said in the ruling that she would recommend Hunt approve the mine "subject to the inclusion of additional conditions in the environmental authority", including measures to protect the endangered black-throated finch.
The conservation group which opposed the Carmichael mine, Coast and Country, said the Queensland state government could and should still block "the wrong mine on the wrong side of history".
"A matter of days ago, the world signed an historic climate deal that will end the age of coal. Carmichael is the planet’s third biggest coal mine," Coast and Country spokesman Derec Davies said in a statement.
If the state government approves the mine it will be "will be "a travesty and a betrayal of all Queenslanders and the world community" Davies added.
Image: A reclaimer places coal in stockpiles at the coal port in Newcastle. Photographer: Daniel Munoz/Reuters