r_lpf X$p¡¼V$f

lrj®scpC _peL$_u hgkpX$ rS>ëgp_p A¡L$ gugpR>d Npddp„ kfk dÅ_u hpX$u R>¡. Ap hpX$udp„ QuLy$ A_¡ L¡$fu `pL$¡$ R>¡. Ap S> Npddp„ kd©qÙ\u R>gL$sp„ Ofdp„ s¡Ap¡ fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ QuLy$ A_¡ L¡$fu_p `pL$dp„\u \su AphL$ s¡d_u kd©qÙ A_¡ g¼Tfu\u R>gL$psu tS>v$Nu_p b^p S> MQp®_¡ `lp¢Qu hmhp knd R>¡.

`Z Ap S> hpX$udp„ lrj®scpC sd_¡ DdmL$p`|h®L$ AphL$pfu_¡ L¡$fuAp¡\u gQu `X$sp Ap„bpAp¡_u hÃQ¡_p fõs¡\u hpX$u_u A„v$f gC Åe R>¡ A_¡ ApN°l`|h®L$ A¡d_u _p_u a¡¼V$fu bsph¡ R>¡. Ap a¡¼V$fudp„ s¡Ap¡ L¡$qdL$g_y„ DÐ`pv$_ L$f¡ R>¡. Ap L¡$qdL$ëk_u `pòpÐe v¡$ip¡dp„ kpfu dpN R>¡. L¡$fu A_¡ QuLy$dp„\u \su AphL$ L$fsp„ eyhp_ A_¡ dlÒhpL$p„nu lrj®scpC_¡ Ap a¡¼V$fu_p DÐ`pv$_dp„\u A_¡ s¡_u r_L$pkdp„\u \su AphL$_y„ L$v$pQ h^y ApL$j®Z R>¡.

A¡L$ ky„v$f gugp„R>d h©np¡\u cf¡gu hpX$u A_¡ s¡_u hÃQp¡hQ A¡L$ L¡$qdL$g a¡¼V$fu- iy„ Ap S> v$rnZ NyS>fps _\u?

NyS>fps_u v$rnZdp„ hp`u\u iê$ L$fu_¡ hX$p¡v$fp ky^u_p¡ gugp¡R>d rhõspf A¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p DÛp¡Np¡ dpV¡$ õhN®kdp¡ b_u füp¡ R>¡. hp`u, hgkpX$ (Asyg), kyfs (kQu_, `p„X¡$kfp, lÆfp A_¡ `gkpZp), cê$Q (`p_p¡gu A_¡ A„L$g¡ðf) A_¡ hX$p¡v$fp (_„v¡$kfu, `¡V²$p¡L¡$qdL$g L$p¡çàg¡¼k)dp„ lÅfp¡ DÛp¡Np¡A¡ ce„L$f rhL$pk kpÝep¡ R>¡. f„Np¡, fkpeZp¡, v$hpAp¡, L$pNm, S>„sy_piL$ v$hpAp¡, L$p`X$, `¡V²$p¡L¡$qdL$ëk S>¡hp„ A_¡L$ DÐ`pv$_p¡_u bpbsdp„ Ap âv¡$i kdN° v¡$idp„ dp¡Mf¡ R>¡ A_¡ Ap S> Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ kd©qÙ_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap âv¡$i- Ap hp`u\u hX$p¡v$fp ky^u_u `Ë$u "Np¡ëX$_ L$p¡qfX$p¡f' sfuL¡$ â¿eps R>¡.

Np¡ëX$_ L$p¡qfX$p¡f_p rhL$pk_y„ d|m Ap rhõspfdp„ dmu fl¡su v¡$idp„ kpfpdp„ kpfu dpmMpL$ue kyqh^pAp¡dp„ fl¡gy„ R>¡. f¡gh¡, fp¡X$, A_¡ huS>mu s¡dS> v¡$i_p Apr\®L$ `pV$_Nf dy„bC_u kdu`sp- A¡ Ap rhL$pk_¡ h¡N Ap`sp„ dy¿e `qfbmp¡ R>¡. Ap D`fp„s NyS>fpsuAp¡_u S>ÞdÅs kplrkL$spA¡ Ap rhõspfdp„ OZp DÛp¡Np¡_¡ S>Þd Apàep¡ R>¡. qb_NyS>fpsuAp¡_¡ kplrS>L$sp\u õhuL$pfu g¡hp_u dp_rkL$spA¡ blpf_p DÛp¡NL$pfp¡ dpV¡$ `Z NyS>fpsdp„ A_yL|$m hpsphfZ Ecy„ L$ey¯ R>¡. Ap b^p„ L$pfZp¡\u v¡$idp„ f„N A_¡ fkpeZp¡_p Ly$g DÐ`pv$__p¡ gNcN 40 V$L$p S>¡V$gp¡ rlõkp¡ Ap rhõspfdp„ DÐ`pqv$s \pe R>¡. v¡$i_u Ly$g Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ r_L$pk_p 53 V$L$p S>¡V$gu q_L$pk NyS>fps fpÄedp„\u \pe R>¡.

Ap Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ rhL$pk_¡ L$pfZ¡ qhL$pk A_¡ kd©qÙ_u bpbsdp„ NyS>fps fpÄe hjp£\u v¡$idp„ â\d ¾$d¡ füy„ R>¡. `Z Ap kd©qÙ A_¡ rhL$pk `pR>m_u b¡apd v$p¡V$dp„ Ap rhõspf cep_L$ fus¡ âv|$jZ_p v|$jZ_u T`¡V$dp„ Aphu Nep¡ R>¡.

Np¡ëX$_ L$p¡qfX$p¡fdp„ Aph¡gp dp¡V$p cpN_p DÛp¡Np¡ lhp, `pZu A_¡ S>du__y„ rh_piL$ lv¡$ âv|$jZ L$fhp_u ndsp ^fph¡ R>¡. Å¡ Ap âv|$jZ_y„ Ap DÛp¡Np¡ Üpfp ep¡Áe fus¡ r_e„ÓZ _ \pe sp¡ kdN° rhõspfdp„ L$v$ue¡ _ `yfpe A¡hy„ _yL$kp_ \C iL¡$. Al]_p DÛp¡Np¡_u r_L$pk ndsp L„$CL$ A„i¡ âv|$jZ_p `qfbm kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gu R>¡. Al]\u r_L$pk \sp f„Np¡ A_¡ fkpeZp¡_p DÐ`pv$_dp„ \sp âv|$jZ_¡ L$pfZ¡ dp¡V$p cpN_p `pòpÐe v¡$ip¡A¡ A¡_y„ DÐ`pv$_ b„^ L$ey¯ R>¡.

Ap fkpeZp¡dp„ dp¡V$p cpN_p„ X$pB-BÞV$fqdqX$A¡V¹$k_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡ S>¡ dy¿eÐh¡ _¡à\¡gu_ Ap^pqfs lp¡e R>¡. Ap D`fp„s A¡Tp¡ X$pBT_p¡ `Z s¡dp„ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. (Å¡L¡$ lh¡ cpfsdp„ `Z A¡Tp¡ X$pBT_y„ DÐ`pv$_ ârsb„r^s L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.) Ap D`fp„s OZu S>„sy_piL$ v$hpAp¡ Al] b_¡ R>¡ S>¡_y„ DÐ`pv$_ rhL$qks v¡$ip¡dp„ hjp£\u b„^ L$fu v¡$hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. OZp apdp®õeyqV$L$g A_¡ X$pBT DÐ`pv$_ L$fsp DÛp¡Np¡dp„ DÐ`pv$__p¡ A¡ sb½$p¡ L¡$ S>¡dp„ kp¥\u h^y âv|$jZ DÐ`Þ_ \pe R>¡ s¡ Al] `|fp¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ `R>u_p¡ A„rsd sb½$p¡ S>¡ dy¿eÐh¡ âv|$jZfqls R>¡ s¡ rhL$qks v¡$ip¡dp„ `|fp¡ L$fu DÐ`pv$__¡ h¡Qhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ap rhõspf_p âv|$jZ_u kdõep dy¿eÐh¡ b¡ dyØp `f Ap^pqfs R>¡ : (1) Ap DÐ`pv$_p¡_y„ âv|$jZ r_e„qÓs L$fhy„ L¡$V$g¡ A„i¡ i¼e R>¡? A_¡ (2) âv|$jZ_p r_e„ÓZ dpV¡$ i¼e A¡V$gp âeÐ_p¡ Mf¡Mf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡?

OZp„ DÐ`pv$_p¡dp„ Aphu âq¾$ep A¡V$gu âv|$rjs lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ A¡dp„ âv|$jZ_¡ r_e„qÓs L$fhy„ Ai¼e R>¡. Aphu OZu b_phV$p¡ lSy> Ap rhõspfdp„ b¡fp¡L$V$p¡L$ b_u flu R>¡. Ap b_phV$p¡_p DÐ`pv$_dp„ Å¡ k|qQs r_edp¡ (S>¡ A`|fsp R>¡) âdpZ¡ `Z `Ngp„ g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ b_phV$_u qL„$ds A_¡ s¡_p DÐ`pv$_ MQ®dp„ gNcN 50 V$L$p S>¡V$gp¡ h^pfp¡ \pe R>¡. S>¡ s¡_u h¡QpZ qL„$ds L$fsp„ h^pf¡ R>¡.

L¡$V$guL$ S>„sy_piL$ v$hpAp¡_p DÐ`pv$_\u lhp A_¡ `pZudp„ A¡hp„ âv|$jZp¡ a¡gpe R>¡ S>¡_p¡ r_L$pg gNcN Ai¼e R>¡. Aphp„ âv|$jZp¡dp„ `pfp S>¡hu ^psyAp¡ A_¡ buÅ L¡$V$gpL$ L$pb®r_L$ `v$p\p£_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. Aphu b_phV$_y„ rhL$qks v¡$ip¡dp„ dp¡Vy„$ bÅf lp¡hp\u lSy> DÐ`pv$_ \C füy„ R>¡.

Å¡ Mf¡Mf Ap`Z¡ lw„qX$epdZ_u âv|$jZ_p ê$`dp„ qL„$ds Q|L$hhp s¥epf _ lp¡CA¡ sp¡ Aphu b_phV$p¡_y„ DÐ`pv$_ kv„$sf b„^ \hy „Å¡CA¡. Ap D`fp„s hp`u\u hX$p¡v$fp ky^u_p rhõspfdp„ Aph¡gp Ap âL$pf_p DÛp¡Np¡dp„\u gNcN 70 V$L$p DÛp¡Np¡ gOy DÛp¡Np¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡dp„ âv|$jZr_e„ÓZ_u S>ê$fu ndsp A_¡ ârsbÙsp_p¡ Acph b¡ âv|$jZ_y„ r_e„ÓZ A¡ A¡L$ rb_DÐ`pv$L$ MQ® lp¡hp_u dpÞesp dp¡V$p cpN_p DÛp¡NL$pfp¡ ^fph¡ R>¡. Ap DÛp¡NL$pfp¡ M|b S> k„r_›$sp`|h®L$ A¡hy„ dp_¡ R>¡ L¡$ Aphp âv|$rjs DÛp¡Np¡ ^d^p¡L$pf Qgphu_¡ v¡$i_p rhL$pkdp„ s¡Ap¡ Ad|ëe apmp¡ Ap`u füp R>¡.

kfL$pf_p„ Ap„MrdQpdZp„ A_¡ DÛp¡Np¡_u õhp\} h©rÑA¡ Ap rhõspf_¡ L$v$ue¡ cf`pC _ \C iL¡$ A¡hy„ _yL$kp_ L$ey¯ R>¡. `Z R>¡ëgp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ hjp£\u Ap `qf[õ\rsdp„ L„$CL$ ky^pfp¡ v¡$MpC füp¡ R>¡. NyS>fps_u lpC L$p¡V®¡$ Ap bpbsdp„ gpg Ap„M L$fu OZp b^p âv|$jZ a¡gphsp DÛp¡Np¡_¡ b„^ L$fhp_p Apv¡$ip¡ Apàep R>¡. NyS>fps lpC L$p¡V£$ 1994\u Qpgu fl¡gp âv|$jZ A„N¡_p "õeyAp¡ dp¡V$p¡' v$phpdp„ k¢L$X$p¡ DÛp¡Np¡_¡ b„^ L$fu v¡$hp_p Apv¡$ip¡ `R>u DÛp¡Np¡ kapmp ÅÁep R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p DÛp¡Np¡A¡ `pZu_p iyÙuL$fZ A„N¡_p S>ê$fu àgpÞV$ b_pìep R>¡ A_¡ Qgphhpdp„ `Z Aphu füp R>¡.

âv|$jZr_e„ÓZ dp¡fQ¡ ANpD_p„ hjp£_u syg_pdp„ OZp¡ ky^pfp¡ v¡$MpC füp¡ R>¡. hp`u, A„L$g¡ðf A_¡ `p_p¡gudp„ kpdyrlL$ iyÙuL$fZ dpV¡$_p àgpÞV$ (L$p¡d_ A¡ãëeyAÞV$ V²$uV$d¡ÞV$ àgpÞV$) _p_p DÛp¡Np¡_p gpcp\£ b_phpep R>¡ S>¡dp„ b^p DÛp¡Np¡_y„ `pZu A¡L$kp\¡ c¡Ny„ L$fu s¡_p `f iyÙuL$fZ_u âq¾$ep L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

DÛp¡Np¡dp„\u _uL$msp O_ L$Qfp_p r_L$pg dpV¡$_u ìehõ\p `Z hp`u, A„L$g¡ðf A_¡ _„v¡$kfu (hX$p¡v$fp)dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Ap D`fp„s `pZu_p v$qfep ky^u_p r_L$pg dpV¡$_u gpB_ kQu_dp„ L$pe®fs \C R>¡ A_¡ `¡V²$p¡L¡$qdL$g L$p¡çàg¡¼k Mps¡ `pZu_p r_L$pg dpV¡$ L$p¡d_ A¡ãëeyAÞV$ Q¡_g _pMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. gp¡L$p¡dp„ Aph¡gu ÅN©rs_¡ L$pfZ¡ âv|$jZ L$fsp DÛp¡Np¡ âQ„X$ gp¡L$fp¡j_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fu füp R>¡.

R>sp„ A¡ `Z lL$uL$s R>¡ L¡$ hp`u `pk¡ cug MpX$u L¡$ A„L$g¡ðf_u Adgp MpX$udp„ hl¡sy„ `pZu L$p¡L$ L¡$ `¡àku S>¡hp f„N_y„ R>¡. hgkpX$dp„ dp¡V$p DÛp¡Np¡_u ApSy>bpSy>_p„ Npdp¡_p L|$$hpdp„ gpg f„N_y„ `pZu Aph¡ R>¡. hX$p¡v$fp_u ApSy>bpSy>_p„ M¡sfp¡dp„ L$p¡CL$ hpf M¡X|$sp¡_p¡ Ecp¡ `pL$ bmu Åe R>¡. V²¡$_dp„ dy„bC\u Adv$phpv$ hÃQ¡ Ap„M b„^ fpMu_¡ dpÓ hpk `f\u sd¡ A„L$g¡ðf L¡$ hp`u il¡fp¡_¡ `pfMu iL$p¡ R>p¡—. âv|$jZ_p dyØ¡ Np¡ëX$_ L$p¡qfX$p¡fdp„ lh¡ dpÓ ÅN©rs _l] ¾$p„rs_u S>ê$f R>¡.

(g¡ML$ v$rnZ NyS>fps_p ÅZusp âv|$jZr_hpfZ r_óZps R>¡.)

âv|$jZ rhcpN l¡W$m_p AÞe g¡Mp¡ hp„Qp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?