Ad¡qfL$p _pd_p ^_â¡du v¡$idp„ ApS>¡ sd¡ v$f¡L$ Ofdp„ Sy>Ap¡ sp¡ b¡ÓZ âL$pf_p X$åbp li¡. AdyL$ X$åbpdp„ qX$õL$pDÞV$ L|$`_, AdyL$ X$åbpdp„ k¡h_-Vy$-Bg¡h__p„ qNãV$$$ L|$`_ A_¡ AdyL$ X$åbpdp„ âpBT L|$`_p¡ cep¯ li¡. gh Ap¡a d_u, A\p®s¹ `¥kp_p dp¡l_¡ Ad¡qfL$p_p `pv$fuAp¡ Mp¡V$p¡ L$l¡sp _\u. q¾$L¡$V$f l¡Þku ¾$p¡Þe¡A¡ L$l¡hy„ `X$éy„ L¡$ "A_ap¡Ãey®_¡V$ gh Ap¡a d_u g¡X$ du Vy$ l¡g.' dasdp„ S>gv$u gp¡Qp¡ dmu Åe L¡$ Ap¡R>u dl¡_s¡ gM`rs L¡$ L$fp¡X$`rs \hpe s¡ kp¥_¡ Nd¡ R>¡. ApS>¡ S>¡ L$fp¡X$`rs_p¡ [¼hT ip¡ sd¡ Sy>Ap¡ R>p¡ s¡ iê$dp„ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Mp_Nu n¡Ó¡ f¡qX$ep¡ L„$`_uAp¡ Ecu \e¡gu s¡dZ¡ iê$ L$f¡gp. s¡ L„$`_uAp¡ `p¡sp_p f¡qX$ep¡ âp¡N°pd kam L$fhp dpV$¡ [¼hT ip¡ fpMsu lsu. 1938dp„ Ap `l¡ghl¡gp [¼hT ip¡ iê$ \ep. aõV®$ ip¡ sfuL¡$ "BÞad£i_ àguT' _pd_p¡ L$pe®¾$d iê$ \ep¡ A_¡ s¡ Ap L$fp¡X$`rs_u dpaL$ rlV$ Nep¡. iê$dp„ s¡_¡ ê$Xy„$ê$`pmy„ _pd Apàey„ "X$p¡¼V$f ApB. ¼ey.' [¼hT ip¡. dp¡V$p„ B_pdp¡ fMpep„. v|$fv$i®_ `R>u cpfsdp„ TuV$uhu A_¡ buÆ Mp_Nu V$uhu Q¡_gp¡ iê$ \C Ðepf¡ Ad¡qfL$p_¡ `Ng¡ `Ng¡ cpfs_p v$i®L$p¡_¡ "byqÙbm' (!) bsphu_¡ gM`rs \hp_p cpÁeQ¾$ L¡$ buÅ L$pe®¾$dp¡ ep¡Åhp dp„X$ép. rbgpX$u_p V$p¡`_u dpaL$ Ecep® A_¡ rbgpX$u_p V$p¡`_u S>¡d$ _ô$ \ep.

Ad¡qfL$pdp„ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$_u L$dri®eg rsL$X$dbpÆ_¡ L¡$V$gpL$ g¡ML$p¡ kdÄep _l] A¡V$g¡ dilwf g¡ML$ Älp¡_ N„\f, S>¡dZ¡ B_kpBX$ Ad¡qfL$p, B_kpBX$ eyfp¡`, B_kpBX$ ApqäL$p A_¡ B_kpBX$ A¡riep_p„ epv$Npf `yõsL$p¡ g¿ep„ R>¡ A_¡ `yõsL$ gMhp lÅfp¡ dpCg_u kaf L$fu_¡ A¡ `yfyjp\®dp„ A_¡L$ fp¡Np¡ _p¡sep® s¡ L$d®huf_¡ A¡L$ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$dp„ cpN g¡hp S>hy„ `X$éy„. Älp¡_ N„\f¡ r_v$p¡®jspdp„ A¡L$ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$dp„ cpN gu^p¡ `R>u g¿ey„ L¡$ dpfu tS>v$Nu_u Å¡ L$p¡C dp¡V$u c|g lp¡e sp¡ Ap ApB.¼ey._p L$dri®eg a„v$pdp„ dpfy„ _pd Å¡X$hp_u c|g. d¢ d|Mp®C L$fu_¡ L$p¡dri®eg õL$ud_u v$gpgu L$fu R>¡.

Ad¡qfL$pdp„ V¡$rgrhT__p Mp_Nu L$pe®¾$dp¡_p„ X$bgp„ cfhp„ 1950_p v$peL$pdp„ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$p¡_p¡ fpaX$p¡ apV$ép¡ lsp¡. "BÞad£i_ àguT' kam \ey„ A¡V$g¡ "[¼hT qL$X¹$$T' _pd_p¡ L$pe®¾$d iê$ \ep¡. Vu$_¡S>f bpmL$p¡_¡ eyr_hrk®V$u_p N°¡ÄeyA¡i__p X²¡$k `l¡fphu_¡ L$pe®¾$ddp„ cpN g¡hp _p¡sep¯. OZp„ L$pe®¾$dp¡dp„ dpÓ 1 X$p¡gf_u âh¡i au lsu. Ðep„ âh¡i audp„ S> V$uhu L„$`_u L$fp¡X$`rs \C iL¡$ s¡d lsu. iê$dp„ [¼hT qL$X¹$Tdp„ cpN g¡_pf_¡ 100 X$p¡gf_p hp¡f bp¡ÞX¹$T dmsp. `R>u B_pdp¡ h^sp„ Nep„. dp¡V$p„ \sp„ Nep„. A¡ `R>u "^ rbN kfâpBT', "^ rbN `¡-Ap¡a', "b°¡L$ ^ b¡ÞL$' A_¡ "õV²$pBL$ BV$ fuQ' S>¡hp dp¡Y$pdp„ `¥kp_u gpm Aphu Åe s¡hp L$pe®¾$dp¡ fMpep. A¡L$ L$pe®¾$d¡ sp¡ ku^u S> dp¡lÅm _pMu_¡ "64,000 X$p¡gf ¼h¡ïQ_' _pd fp¿ey„. Ap ku^u S> ê$. 25 gpM_u A¡L$ S> TpV$L$p_p B_pd_u [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$ A¡V$gu gp¡L$râe \C L¡$ Ad¡qfL$_ Ly$Vy„$bp¡ kp„S> `X$é¡ b^y„ R>p¡X$u_¡ Ap L$pe®¾$d Å¡hp b¡ku Åe. A¡L$ sb½¡$ 85 V$L$p Ad¡qfL$_ Ofp¡ Ap B_pdu V$uhu L$pe®¾$d Å¡sp„ lsp„. Ap V$uhu ip¡_¡ f¡hgp¡_ b°pÞX$_u rg[àõV$L¡$ õ`p¡Þkf L$f¡gp¡. f¡hgp¡_ dpgpdpg \C NC. s¡_p h¡QpZdp„ 200 V$L$p_p¡ h^pfp¡ \ep¡. Ap L$pe®¾$dp¡_¡ 5 L$fp¡X$ gp¡L$p¡ Å¡sp lsp. `Z `R>u V$uhuhpmp_¡ gpgQ gpNu. Ap ip¡_u qL„$ds h^pfsp Nep. Ðhqfs kamsp dm¡ s¡hy„ rsL$X$d Ðhfp\u gC Aphhp_y„ lp¡e R>¡. Ap 64,000 X$p¡gf_p¡ ip¡ `R>u s¡_p cpf _uQ¡ S> QNv$pC Nep¡. buÆ A¡L$ "X$p¡Ë$p¡' _pd_u A¡L$ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$dp„ A¡L$ gpM X$p¡gf_y„ B_pd lsy„. A¡L$ QL$p¡f v$i®L$_¡ d¡Qra[¼k„N S>¡hu N„^ Aphu. Ad¡qfL$p_p a¡X$fg L$çeyr_L¡$i_ L$rdi__¡ aqfepv$ L$fu L¡$ Ap S>„Nu B_pd dpV¡$ rhS>¡sp qa¼k lsp¡. A¡ `R>u buÆ OZu [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$p¡_¡ Akf \C A_¡ 1960 ky^udp„ OZp ip¡ b„^ \C Nep.

`f„sy Ap [¼hT ip¡_p„ B_pdp¡ A¡ sp¡ dp¡Vy„$ AauZ R>¡. afu\u ip¡ Qpgy \C Nep R>¡. V¡$¼kpkdp„ dpfp eS>dp_ â¡dÆcpC `V¡$g fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_p„ `Ð_u furgÆAkgu kp„S>¡ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$ A_¡ "cpÁeQ¾$' af¡ s¡_u Apipdp„ rdrge_ X$p¡gf_p„ C_pd_p L$pe®¾$d Å¡hp b¡ku Åe R>¡. afu\u Ad¡qfL$pdp„ [¼hT ip¡ iê$ \C_¡ afu `pR>p Okphp dp„X$ép R>¡. L¡$V$guL$ 7-8 hj®_u bpmL$uAp¡_p åeyV$u L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$_p ip¡ R>¡ s¡dp„ A¡L$ bpmL$u åeyV$u ¼hu_ \C s¡_y„ A`lfZ A_¡ M|_ \ep `R>u Ap V$pbqfep„_u åeyV$u L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$ hNp¡hpC NC R>¡.

AMbpfp¡_y„ kf¼eyg¡i_ h^pfhp Þey ep¡L®$dp„ 21-12-1913dp„ "Þey ep¡L®$ hëX®$' _pd_p AMbpf¡ ¾$p¡khX®$ `Tg iê$ L$ep£. cpfsdp„ `R>u R>¡L$ NyS>fps ky^u L$kp¡V$u lfuapC L¡$ iåv$ìe|lfQ_p lfuapCAp¡ Aphu. Aphu_¡ L$p¥_ b_¡Np L$fp¡X$`rs_u S>¡d kam \C. S>¡V$gu Ðhfp\u kam \C s¡V$gu Ðhfp\u b„^ `Z \C NC. "L$fp¡X$`rs'_y„ cprh sdpfp lp\dp„ R>¡. `Z Äepf¡ byqÙdp_ gp¡L$p¡_p lp\dp„ `p¡sp_u S>S>d¡ÞV$ i[¼s _\u sp¡ buÅ kpdpÞe dp_hu_¡ L$fp¡X$`rs \hp_u gpgQdp„\u L$p¡Z fp¡L$u iL¡$?

dasdp„ V$uhu kpd¡ v¡$Mphp dm¡ s¡dp„ iy„ Mp¡Vy„$? Å`p_dp„ 31-12-'83dp„ A¡_V$uhuA¡ "Ap¡g Å`p_ lpCõL|$g [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$' fpMhp S>åbf lp¡g cpX¡$ fp¿ep¡ s¡dp„ 80,799 gp¡L$p¡ lpS>f füp lsp. bubukuA¡ dpõV$fdpBÞX$ L$pe®¾$d iê$ L$ep£ s¡dp„ `Z byqÙ_u QL$pkZu_u hps R>¡, `f„sy bubuku A¡L$ Ål¡f k„õ\p lp¡C ggQph_pfp„ B_pdp¡ fp¿ep„ _\u. âp¡N°pd gp¡L$râe \ep¡, `Z L$v$u ky`frlV$ \ep¡ _\u.

õV¡$ÞV$p¡_ ä¡ÞL$ r_L$p¡gk A¡L$ A¡hu Ad¡qfL$_ lõsu lsu L¡$ s¡Ap¡ Nd¡ s¡hp rsL$X$d\u `¥kp L$dphp_u õL$ud_p L$Ë$f rhfp¡^u lsp. s¡Ap¡ "L$p¡g„rbep b°p¡X$L$p[õV„$N rkõV$d' (CBS) _p âdyM lsp. s¡d_y„ Æh_h©Ñp„s A¡ÞkpB¼gp¡`uqX$ep rb°V$pr_L$pdp„ R>`pey„ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡d_u `k®_prgV$u_y„ d|ëe kdÅi¡. kubuA¡kA¡ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$ iê$ L$fu. `R>u s¡_¡ S>Zpey„ L¡$ dp¡V$p dp¡V$p byqÙdp_ g¡ML$p¡ `Z Ap L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$dp„ B_pdp¡ d¡mhhp_u R>¡sft`X$udp„ k„X$p¡hpep R>¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡Z¡ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$_u Ål¡fMbf_u gpgQ R>p¡X$u_¡ syf„s [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$ b„^ L$f¡gu. Ad¡qfL$pdp„ [¼hT L$p¡ÞV¡$õV$_¡ [¼hT ip¡ `Z L$l¡ R>¡. V$uhu L„$`_uAp¡ gp¡L$râesp h^pfhp dpV¡$ B_pdp¡ h^pfsu NC. gpMdp„\u v$k gpM A_¡ `R>u L$fp¡X$_p„ B_pdp¡ fpMsu \C. õV$pf V$uhuA¡ dp¡V$p¡ S>„` gu^p¡. â\d\u S> "L$fp¡X$`rs' V$pBV$g fpMu v$u^y„ R>¡. Ad¡qfL$p_p¡ "V¹$h¡ÞV$uh_' ip¡ B_pd dpV¡$ qa¼k \e¡gp¡ s¡_u kpd¡_u aqfepv$ R>¡L$ Þey ep¡L®$_u N°pÞX$ Äeyfu_u s`pk ^fhu `X¡$ s¡V$gu lv¡$ \e¡gu. "L$fp¡X$`rs'_p L$pe®¾$d_u âh¡i au _\u A¡V$g¡ \hp v$p¡ dpfp bp`gp. `Z lz„ sp¡ sd_¡ Nusp_u iuM afu k„cmphy„ Ry>„, "L$d®Îe¡hpq^L$pfõs¡¡ dp ag¡jy L$v$pQ_¹.'

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?