In the weeks before their next exam, stressed-out college students may wish to add walnuts to their daily diet.
In a recent clinical experiment, undergraduate students' self-reported indices of mental health and biomarkers of general health were positively impacted by walnut consumption during their university studies.
According to a University of South Australia study that was published in the journal Nutrients, walnuts may be able to mitigate the negative effects of academic stress on the gut flora, particularly in females.
Lead researchers PhD student Mauritz Herselman and Associate Professor Larisa Bobrovskaya, say the results add to the growing body of evidence linking walnuts with improved brain and gut health.
"Students experience academic stress throughout their studies, which has a negative effect on their mental health, and they are particularly vulnerable during exam periods," Herselman says.
Eighty undergraduate students split into treatment and control groups were clinically assessed in three intervals, at the beginning of a 13-week university semester, during the examination period and two weeks after the examination period.
Those in the treatment group were given walnuts to consume daily for 16 weeks over these three intervals.
"We found that those who consumed about half a cup of walnuts every day showed improvements in self-reported mental health indicators. Walnut consumers also showed improved metabolic biomarkers and overall sleep quality in the longer term."
Students in the control group reported increased stress and depression levels in the leadup to exams but those in the treatment group did not.
The walnut consumers also reported a significant drop in feelings associated with depression between the first and final visits, compared to the controls.
Previous research has shown that walnuts are full of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, as well as melatonin (sleep-inducing hormone), polyphenols, folate and vitamin E, all of which promote a healthy brain and gut.
"The World Health Organisation has recently stated that at least 75 per cent of mental health disorders affect people under the age of 24 years, making undergraduate students particularly vulnerable to mental health problems," Herselman says.
Bobrovskaya says mental health disorders are common in university students and can adversely affect students' academic performance and long-term physical health.
"We have shown that consuming walnuts during stressful periods can improve mental health and general well-being in university students, as well as being a healthy and delicious snack and a versatile ingredient in many recipes, to fight some negative effects of academic stress," Bobrovskaya says.
"Due to fewer numbers of males in the study, more research is needed to establish sex-dependent effects of walnuts and academic stress in university students. It's also possible that a placebo effect might have come into play as this was not a blind study."
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