Inability to fall asleep at night, frequent bouts of insomnia or waking up in the middle of the night are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism, warns Dr Piyush Lodha, diabetologist and general physician at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune.
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The thyroid, a small butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels and overall bodily functions.
For women, thyroid health is particularly significant as thyroid dysfunction can impact various aspects of their lives, from fertility to mental health.
Recognising the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction early on can help in seeking timely medical intervention and managing the condition effectively.
Hyperthyroidism: When The Thyroid Is Overactive
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much of the thyroid hormone.
This accelerates the body's metabolism, leading to a range of symptoms that can be distressing if not managed properly.
A few symptoms of hyperthyroidism are listed below.
1. Unexplained weight loss
When thyroid is overactive, women may notice a significant drop in weight despite having a normal or increased appetite.
2. Rapid or irregular heartbeat
Do not ignore palpitations, rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Any irregular functioning of the heart can be a warning.
3. Increased sweating and sensitivity to heat
While it is normal for individuals to sweat under heat or after a rigorous workout, excessive and unexplained sweating and intolerance to heat are common signs of hyperthyroidism.
4. Nervousness and anxiety
If you experience unusual anxiety, irritability or nervousness without any clear trigger, you must visit a gynaecologist or test your thyroid levels.
5. Tremors
Small shakes or tremors in the hands and fingers may also be indicative of an overactive thyroid.
6. Fatigue and muscle weakness
Hyperactivity and restless behaviour are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism. However, despite feeling hyperactive, there are times when women may also feel tired and weak, particularly in the muscles. This is again, a red flag of thyroid dysfunction.
7. Difficulty sleeping
Inability to fall asleep at night, frequent bouts of insomnia or waking up in the middle of the night are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
8. Changes in menstrual patterns
If your menstrual cycle is irregular, it is time to check your thyroid.
Light or infrequent menstrual periods or, in some cases, skipped periods are telltale signs of thyroid dysfunction.
Hypothyroidism: When The Thyroid Is Underactive
Conversely, hypothyroidism is characterised by an underactive thyroid that doesn't produce enough of the thyroid hormone.
This condition slows down the body's metabolic processes and leads to various symptoms that can often be mistaken for other health issues.
A few symptoms of hypothyroidism are listed below:
1. Unexplained weight gain
If you have been maintaining a diet and exercise regimen and are yet gaining weight, it is possible that you could have hypothyroidism.
2. Fatigue and lethargy
If you are always feeling tired and drowsy, it is a red flag.
Persistent tiredness or a general sense of sluggishness is not a healthy sign.
3. Cold sensitivity
While sensitivity to heat is a symptom of hyperthyroidism, an unusually high sensitivity to cold temperatures is a symptom of hypothyroidism.
4. Dry skin and hair
In hypothyroidism, individuals may complain of extremely dry skin and hair.
It is possible that moisturisers might not work and your hair could become brittle and lifeless.
5. Joint and muscle pain
Aching or stiffness in joints and muscles may also indicate hypothyroidism.
6. Depression and memory issues
In hypothyroidism, individuals may experience a tendency towards feeling depressed or complain of poor memory issues.
7. Constipation
Slower metabolic processes can lead to digestive issues, primarily constipation.
8. Menstrual irregularities
Heavy or irregular menstrual periods are common in individuals diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
How To Test For Thyroidism
Given that thyroid dysfunction can present through such a wide array of symptoms, it's vital to pay attention to one’s body and seek medical advice when these signs surface.
Typically, a simple blood test measuring levels of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free T4 and sometimes T3 can help diagnose thyroid issues.
You can repeat the tests over a period of time following the advice of your doctor.
Awareness is the first step towards effective management and treatment of the thyroid disease.
Women need to recognise the potential signs of thyroid dysfunction and consult with their doctors to rule out or confirm any thyroid-related issues.
Early detection and appropriate treatment can markedly improve quality of life, so staying informed and proactive is essential.
By keeping an eye out for these symptoms and understanding their implications, women can take charge of their thyroid health and ensure they receive the care they need promptly.
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