World No. 1 Victoria Azarenka suffered a blow to her French Open preparations when she was forced to pull out of the Italian Open with a right shoulder injury on Wednesday, but an aching Roger Federer gingerly advanced to the third round.
Azarenka had shown no sign of discomfort when she walloped Israel's Shahar Peer 6-1, 6-2 in the second round but the WTA announced her withdrawal shortly after the victory to the surprise of everyone in the Foro Italico.
In-form Federer, carrying a few aches and pains after winning the Madrid Masters on Sunday, saw off Carlos Berlocq of Argentina 6-3, 6-4.
The Swiss only decided to play after his morning practice session.
Nadal, beaten in the third round in Madrid, looked far more comfortable as he eased to a 6-1, 7-5 win over German Florian Mayer.
Mayer beat Nadal the last time they played, in Shanghai last year, but on his favoured clay, the Spaniard never allowed him to get a foothold in the match.
Tomas Berdych eased past Lukas Kubot 6-4, 6-1 to reach round three, while Juan Martin Del Potro also advanced.
But American John Isner was upset 2-6, 7-6, 7-5 by Italian Andreas Seppi.
Azarenka's withdrawal handed Dominika Cibulkova of Slovakia a free ticket to the last eight, but Serena Williams had to battle back to beat Russia's Nadia Petrova 4-6, 6-2, 6-3 in the American's second match in 18 hours.
World No. 3 Agnieszka Radwanska lost 6-4, 4-6, 6-1 to Czech Petra Cetkovska, while former World No. 1 Wozniacki, suffering from sinus problems, quit when trailing 6-4, 4-0 to Anabel Medina Garrigues of Spain.
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