Australian team mate Mark Webber bowed out of the sport with second place, anchoring a Red Bull one-two in his 215th and final race for the champions, with Ferrari's Fernando Alonso third.
Vettel is the first driver to win nine successive races in a single season although Italian Alberto Ascari strung together nine in a row over two campaigns in 1952-53.
The 26-year-old German's victory equalled compatriot Michael Schumacher's 2004 record with Ferrari of 13 wins in a season.
Vettel and Red Bull had secured their fourth successive drivers' and constructors' titles last month.
Image: Sebastian Vettel
Photograph: Nacho Doce/Reuters
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