Belgium topped the group after a 1-0 victory over South Korea who were eliminated along with Fabio Capello's Russians. Algeria will face Germany in the second round.
Russia grabbed the lead in the sixth minute when Alexander Kokorin met a perfect Dmitry Kombarov cross with a full-blooded header which flew into the net.
But there will again be questions about Russia goalkeeper Igor Akinfeev, who was at fault for Algeria's 60th-minute equalizer, coming off his line but failing to reach a Yacine Brahimi free kick which was headed home by Islam Slimani.
Image: Islam Slimani of Algeria (L) celebrates after scoring
Photograph: Julian Finney/Getty Images