Real won the title for the 10th time when they beat Atletico Madrid 4-1 after extra-time in Lisbon in May and have the chance to avenge a 5-0 aggregate defeat to five-time champions Liverpool in the last 16 in 2009.
Further back in time Liverpool beat Real 1-0 in the 1981 European Cup final in Paris.
The draw, held at the Grimaldi Forum in Monte Carlo, had a distinct air of deja vu about it.
Arsenal were drawn in the same group as Borussia Dortmund for the second successive season, as were Chelsea and Schalke 04 and Bayern Munich and Manchester City.
Bayern and City were joined by CSKA Moscow for the second straight season too with AS Roma completing the quartet in Group E.
Last season's runners-up Atletico were grouped with former champions Juventus, Olympiakos Piraeus and Malmo of Sweden.
Barcelona and Paris St Germain, both clubs with strong links to Qatar, will face each other in Group F along with former champions Ajax Amsterdam and APOEL Nicosia.
The groups:
'A'
Atletico Madrid (Spain)
Juventus (Italy)
Olympiakos Piraeus (Greece)
Malmo (Sweden)
'B'
Real Madrid (Spain)
Basel (Switzerland)
Liverpool (England)
Ludogorets (Bulgaria)
'C'
Benfica (Portugal)
Zenit St Petersburg (Russia)
Bayer Leverkusen (Germany)
Monaco (France)
'D'
Arsenal (England)
Borussia Dortmund (Germany)
Galatasaray (Turkey)
Anderlecht (Belgium)
'E'
Bayern Munich (Germany)
Manchester City (England)
CSKA Moscow (Russia)
AS Roma (Italy)
'F'
Barcelona (Spain)
Paris St Germain (France)
Ajax Amsterdam (Netherlands)
APOEL Nicosia (Cyprus)
'G'
Chelsea (England)
Schalke 04 (Germany)
Sporting Lisbon (Portugal)
Maribor (Slovenia)
'H'
Porto (Portugal)
Shakhtar Donetsk (Ukraine)
Athletic Bilbao (Spain)
BATE Borisov (Belarus)
Image: Gareth Bale lifts the Champions League Trophy
Photograph: Pablo Blazquez Dominguez/Getty Images