Terry, who missed the 3-0 win over Estonia at Wembley last Saturday with a knee problem, had earlier declared himself fit but locked his knee towards the end of an hour-long training session on the artificial turf at the Luzhniki Stadium.
McClaren, whose team will reach the finals in Austria and Switzerland if they beat Russia, said the Chelsea defender could not complete the session and is "almost certainly ruled out". Sol Campbell is again likely to deputise as he did on Saturday.