The club said Trezeguet faced an operation in Lyon at the Sainte Anne clinic and would be out of action for "a period of around three months".
Trezeguet dislocated his troublesome left shoulder during a match at Udinese
His strike partner Alessandro Del Piero is already sidelined with an Achilles' tendon injury.
Apart from Swedish striker Zlatan Ibrahimovic the only other forward currently fit at the club is Uruguayan Marcelo Zalayeta.
Juve currently lead Serie A after five games.