Post Pulwama, Pak remains safe haven for terrorists: US

Pakistan took 'modest steps' in 2019 to counter terror financing and restrain India-focused militant groups from conducting large-scale attacks following the Pulwama attack in February, but it remained a 'safe harbour' for regionally focused terrorist groups, the United States said on Wednesday.

The suspension of US aid to Pakistan, which was announced by President Donald Trump in January 2018, remained in effect throughout 2019, the State Department said.

'Pakistan took modest steps in 2019 to counter terror financing and restrain India-focused militant groups from conducting large-scale attacks following the February attack on a security convoy in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir linked to Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM),' it said.

In its Congressional-mandated annual report 2019 Country Reports on Terrorism, the State Department said Pakistan took action against some externally focused groups, including indicting Lashkar e-Tayiba (LeT) founder Hafiz Saeed and associates in three separate terrorism financing cases.

'However, Pakistan remained a safe harbor for other regionally focused terrorist groups,' the State Department said.

It allowed groups targeting Afghanistan, including the Afghan Taliban and affiliated Haqqani Network (HQN), as well as groups targeting India, including the LeT and its affiliated front organisations, and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), to operate from its territory, the report said.

'It did not take action against other known terrorists such as JeM founder and UN-designated terrorist Masood Azhar and 2008 Mumbai attack 'project manager' Sajid Mir, both of whom are believed to remain free in Pakistan,' alleged the State Department.

Pakistan, however, did make some positive contributions to the Afghanistan peace process, such as encouraging Taliban reductions in violence.

Pakistan made some progress toward meeting the Action Plan requirements for the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), allowing it to avoid being blacklisted, but did not complete all Action Plan items in 2019, it said.

Although Al Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan has been seriously degraded, key figures among the outfit's global leadership, as well as its regional affiliate Al Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), continued to operate from remote locations in the region that historically served as safe havens, it said.

Pakistan is one of the countries that figures in the terrorist safe havens list. Although Pakistan's National Action Plan calls to 'ensure that no armed militias are allowed to function in the country', several terrorist groups that focus on attacks outside the country continued to operate from Pakistani soil in 2019, including the Haqqani Network, Lashkar-e-Tayiba, and Jaish-e-Mohammed, it said.

'The government and military acted inconsistently with respect to terrorist safe havens throughout the country. Authorities did not take sufficient action to stop certain terrorist groups and individuals from openly operating in the country,' said the State Department.

According to the report, in January 2018, the US government suspended most of its security assistance to Pakistan over the government's failure to adequately address the threat posed by militant and terrorist groups operating on Pakistani soil.

'That suspension remained in effect throughout 2019,' the report said.

'However, a recalibration of our civilian assistance portfolio was implemented in 2019 to target a narrower set of priority areas: people-to-people exchanges, law enforcement and counterterrorism cooperation, stabilisation for the Afghanistan-Pakistan border, fostering trade and economic growth, supporting civil society, and helping treat polio and other infectious diseases,' it said.

The report notes that in June 2018, the FATF placed Pakistan on its 'gray list' and issued an Action Plan directing Pakistan to take specific steps by September 2019 to address strategic deficiencies in its combating the financing of terrorism efforts.

'The FATF expressed serious concern at its October 2019 plenary about Pakistan's continued deficiencies but noted it had made some progress and extended the deadline for full Action Plan implementation to February 2020,' it said.

In 2018, Pakistan was designated as a 'Country of Particular Concern' (CPC) under the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. It was re-designated as a CPC in 2019, it said.

'Indian security agencies effective in disrupting terror threats'

India applied sustained pressure to 'detect, disrupt, and degrade' terrorist activities within its borders in 2019 and its security agencies are effective in disrupting terror threats despite some gaps in intelligence and information sharing, the report said.

In 2019, India suffered terrorist attacks in the state of Jammu and Kashmir and parts of central India, it said.

'The Government of India continued to apply sustained pressure to detect, disrupt, and degrade terrorist activities within its borders,' it said.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other senior Indian leaders made numerous statements to condemn domestic terrorist attacks and bring to justice the perpetrators of terrorism, in cooperation with the United States and other like-minded countries, it added.

Indian security agencies, the report said, are effective in disrupting terror threats despite some gaps in intelligence and information sharing.

'The United States and India increased CT cooperation in 2019,' the State Department said.

In March, the US and India held the annual Counterterrorism Joint Working Group in Washington, DC, meeting concurrently with the second US-India Designations Dialogue.

Both countries announced their intent to prevent terrorists from obtaining access to weapons of mass destruction and underscored their respective commitments to the implementation of the UN Security Council resolutions No 2396.

In December, the United States hosted the 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue, in which the ministers called for concerted action against all terrorist networks, including Al Qaeda, ISIS/Daesh, Lashkar-e-Tayiba, Jaish-e-Mohammed, HQN (the Haqqani network), Hizb-ul Mujahideen, and Tehrik-i-Taliban, the report noted.

Referring to the changes made in the counter-terrorism laws, the report said that the newly amended National Investigation Agency Act can further improve bilateral law enforcement cooperation.

'The efficacy and impact of the newly amended laws will likely be tested in ongoing terrorism cases in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, as well as cases involving what India characterizes as 'left-wing extremists,' and cases involving insurgencies in Northeast India,' it said.

In August, India amended the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act of 1967 to authorise the designation of individuals as terrorists which it did a month later by designating four terrorists, including the leaders of LeT and JeM.

The Parliament also amended the NIA Act of 2008 to provide the NIA with the ability to investigate terrorism cases overseas, it said.

The NIA Act was enacted in the aftermath of the Mumbai terrorist attacks of 2008.

A decade later, the Act was amended with the objective of speedy investigation and prosecution of certain offences, including those committed outside India.

The National Investigation Agency (Amendment) Bill, 2019 was passed by Lok Sabha on July 15, 2019, and by Rajya Sabha on July 17, 2019.

In 2016, India and the United States signed an arrangement to exchange terrorism screening information, and India continues to work on implementation.

According to the report, India and the US are engaged to improve border security and information-sharing capabilities.

India is in the process of improving its ability to detect and deter terrorist travel by using watchlists, implementing biographic and biometric screening capabilities at ports of entry, and expanding information sharing, it said.