India is the highest consumer of heroin in South Asia and also appears to be producing its own opium poppy, which is the raw material for heroin, according to the latest report of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
Of the opium that is not converted into heroin, two-thirds is consumed in five countries: Iran (42 per cent),Afghanistan (7 per cent), Pakistan (7 per cent), India (6 percent) and Russia (5 per cent). India consumed 17 metric tonnes of heroin in 2008 and current opium consumption is estimated at some 65-70 mt per year. The opium consumed in India does not appear to come from Afghanistan, which is the largest producer of opium.
In 2008, approximately 2,700 mt of Afghanistan's opium was refined into an estimated 380 mt of heroin to supply the global market. Coming in a distant second is Myanmar and the Laos People's Democratic Republic which yielded some 40 mt of heroin in 2008--processed in Myanmar.
The UN report stated that the information provided by the Indian government indicated that foreign-sourced opium has neither been seized nor reported as trafficked into India. "Consequently, such a consumption level (6 per cent of the estimated global total) would require the illicit cultivation of some 1,500-2,000 hectares of opium poppy on Indian territory," it said. Another possibility as a source of opium was the diversion from licit cultivation but the UN noted that this was unlikely because the limited size of licit cultivation(6,000 hectare in 2009) and the Indian authorities claim to be in control of this production.
Opium is being increasingly consumed in India's neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh and Nepal. But neither Afghanistan nor Myanmar
The report also noted that there was a rise in cannabis use in the region over the past year but the two most populated countries in Asia -- China and India -- did not have estimates of cannabis users among the general population.
A survey carried out in India in 2001 estimated a monthly prevalence rate of cannabis use at 3 per cent of the male population (aged between 12-60). However, the lack of information on cannabis use among females prevents an accurate estimate of the prevalence rate among Indians.