Padsalgikar, who is the 40th police commissioner of the city, took over from Javed Ahmed who retires on Sunday. Ahmed will be India's Ambassador to Saudi Arabia.
Padsalgikar is the first Maharashtrian to take over as the Mumbai police chief after almost a decade.
He has also served for more than a decade in the Intelligence Bureau.
Image: Datta Padsalgikar taking charge of Mumbai police. Photograph: PTI