The bombing occurred in Kunar province last Friday, three days after an elite US military team disappeared in the mountainous area.
"Seventeen civilians were killed during the bombing, including women and children," Kunar Gov. Asadullah Wafa told The Associated Press after leaving a mosque in the capital, Kabul. He did not say whether any militants also were believed to be in the compound.
The US military confirmed civilians were killed but didn't say how many.
The attack was "with precision-guided munitions that resulted in the deaths of an unknown number of enemy
"The targeted compound was a known operating base for terrorist attacks in Kunar province as well as a base for a medium-level terrorist leader," it said. "Battle damage assessment is currently ongoing."
The statement added that US forces "regret the loss of innocent lives and follow stringent rules of engagement specifically to ensure that noncombatants are safeguarded. However, when enemy forces move their families into the locations where they conduct terrorist operations, they put these innocent civilians at risk."
US officials at the time said the target was an "enemy compound" that "we deemed we had to hit immediately."