The truth about Made in India handsets

Industry estimates suggest that the extent of value addition in the handset space remains at a mere 10 per cent.

That effectively means, value-wise 90 per cent of all components used in making a handset continues to be imported.

Many got to click selfies with Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently when he decided to take the airport-bound metro rail for an event in the capital.

Soon after, in his address, the PM referred to mobile handsets that made those selfies possible, pointing out how those phones are turning around the manufacturing fortunes of India.

He said as 80 per cent of the mobile handsets were being manufactured in India, India was able to save around Rs 3 trillion in cell phone import bills during the last four years.

That's good saving in a country consuming 275 million mobile handsets a year. But that's only half a story.

Data shows that between 2014 and 2017, manufacturing facilities in India produced handsets worth Rs 2.79 trillion.

In addition, the import of finished handsets had fallen to 60 million units in 2017 from 190 million in 2014.

But, what is commonly referred to as local manufacturing often boils down to assembling of imported components in an India-based factory.

In fact, the level of value addition made locally -- a measure of on ground progress in reduction of imports for a country -- remains below par, even when compared to the government's own Phased Manufacturing Programme (PMP) targets, analysts said.

Industry estimates suggest that the extent of value addition in the handset space remains at a mere 10 per cent.

That effectively means, value-wise 90 per cent of all components used in making a handset continues to be imported.

Take the selfie camera, for instance, in a smartphone.

The front cameras are totally imported from countries such as China, Vietnam and Taiwan.

Put together, the front and real camera of a handset constitute close to eight per cent of a handset's cost, a company executive pointed out.

According to the PMP announced last year, by 2018-19 companies were supposed to begin sub-assembling a bunch of sophisticated components like camera modules, printed circuit boards (PCB) and connectors.

However, none has expressed interest in making camera modules here.

"There is no denying that the number of brands manufacturing in India has grown. But the challenge remains in value addition," said senior industry analyst Faisal Kawoosa, who now leads research and consulting firm TechArc.

According to India Cellular Association, the size of mobile handsets market stood at Rs 1.56 trillion in 2017.

But the industry is far from meeting the PMP goals -- 26 per cent local value addition for smartphones and 37 per cent for feature phones by March 2020.

Currently, the extent of value addition in feature phones stand at 15 per cent -- thanks to manufacturers shifting production of low-value components like batteries and chargers to India.

Only Samsung and Xiaomi -- the two smartphone majors –-- assemble PCBs here.

While, Samsung began in a small scale in 2007, Xiaomi started PCB assembly at its units with Foxconn more recently.

Companies that Business Standard spoke to said they had no immediate plans for other complex parts like camera modules and display panels (that form 17 per cent of total value).

PCBs, which cost over 50 per cent of a handset, are only being assembled here, industry representatives said.

"Some of the companies have already begun assembling PCBs. While it may take more time than estimated, eventually more companies will join in. Already 90 per cent of them are assembling phones here," said Jaipal Singh, analyst with IDC.

Two big players Vivo and Oppo, which now hold the third and fourth spots respectively in the smartphone market, behind Samsung and Xiaomi, also have plans to start assembling PCBs in India soon.

Both are willing to set up plant in Noida to start complete knocked down level manufacturing.

Vivo has set aside Rs 3 billion and Oppo plans to invest Rs 22 billion.

Meanwhile, a falling rupee is eroding the benefits so far earned from the 120-odd assembly units set up in India by various vendors as components continue to be imported.

According to Kawoosa, the fluctuating rupee-dollar exchange rate is only offsetting the benefits that the industry was going to accrue.

"The government has to work on improving the rupee value to take Make in India to the next level, where the focus is more on value rather than growing volumes," he said. 

*Image used only for representational purpose.