Maxwell, who smashed 41 from 20 balls, was struck on the right knee during his innings, which enabled Australia post a challenging 348 for eight at the Manuka Oval in Canberra on Wednesday.
The ball hit Maxwell on an unprotected area as he bent his right leg in an attempt to work a ball from Ishant Sharma on the leg side.
Cricket Australia said the blow had caused some swelling and discomfort in Maxwell's knee and that he would be assessed in the coming days.
The all-rounder, who was on 13 when he got hit, was in some discomfort as he scampered a single but still managed to hit six fours and a six.
Maxwell also bowled an over of his off-spin before being replaced by substitute fielder Shaun Marsh. He gave away 10 runs in the over.
Australia beat India by 25 runs in the fourth ODI to take a 4-0 lead in the five-match series.
Image: Glenn Maxwell hits out during the fourth ODI in Canberra
Photograph: Mark Nolan/Getty Images
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