The selectors named a 13-man squad on Sunday with Graeme Swann rested and Yorkshire seamer Ajmal Shahzad, called up last month as cover for the injured Ryan Sidebottom, retaining his place.
Kent off-spinner James Tredwell and Warwickshire batsman Jonathan Trott join an otherwise unchanged squad from the one that beat Australia 3-2 in the five match series just ended.
England play the opening one-dayer against Bangladesh at Trent Bridge.
Pietersen suffered a left quadriceps strain during the fifth and final one day international against Australia on Saturday, when he had to bat with a runner, and will have further assessment this week.
"It's unfortunate that Kevin Pietersen has suffered an injury and although we'll know the full extent in due course it looks like he'll be able to make a full recovery very quickly," said national selector Geoff Miller in a statement.
"Graeme Swann has been involved in all forms of the game for some time now and this forthcoming period has been identified as the best opportunity to ensure Graeme has a suitable break ahead of a demanding schedule this summer and during the winter."
Miller said Tredwell and Trott were "excellent additions to the full England squad from the England Lions.
"Both have been in good form for the Lions and will relish the opportunity to make their mark in limited overs at the top level," he added.
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