qv$gu` Np¡rlg

_d®v$p MuZ ep¡S>_p cpfs_u kp¥\u rhipm A_¡ dlÒhpL$p„nu ep¡S>_p R>¡, S>¡dp„ _d®v$p OpV$udp„ Aph¡gu _d®v$p A_¡ s¡_u `¡V$p _v$uAp¡ `f _p_p,dÝed A_¡ dp¡V$p L$v$_p 3000\u h^y X¡$dp¡ bp„^hp_p R>¡. s¡dp„\u kfv$pf kfp¡hf b„^ _d®v$p _v$u v$qfep_¡ dm¡ s¡ `l¡gp„_p¡ R>¡ëgp¡ b„^ R>¡ A_¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ `Z. bpL$u_p b¡ dlpL$pe b„^ _d®v$p kpNf A_¡ B[Þv$fp kpNf dÝe âv¡$idp„ _d®v$p_p D`fhpkdp„ b_u füp R>¡.

_d®v$p hp¡V$f rX$õàeyV$ qV²$åey_g Üpfp kfv$pf kfp¡hf b„^_u dlÑd KQpC 138.68 duV$f (455 awV)$ _½$u L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Å¡L¡$ `pZu_u k`pV$u dlÑd 140 duV$f ( 460 awV$) ky^u S>C iL¡$ R>¡. ApV$gp¡ KX$p¡ X¡$d b_i¡ `Z s¡dp„\u `pZu L¡$_pgdp„ hl¡hp_y„ iê$ sp¡ 91.44 (300 awV$) `R>u S> \i¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ 300 awV$\u D`f dlÑd 455 awV$ ky^udp„ 155 awV$ `pZu cfpC s¡ _d®v$p_u dy¿e L¡$_pgdp„ hlu iL¡$.

dÝe âv¡$i_u kflv$ _ÆL$ NyS>fps_p _hpNpd\u D`f L¡$hqX$ep L$p¡gp¡_u `pk¡ X¡$d b_u füp¡ R>¡. dS>b|s L$p¡Þ¾$uV$\u b¡ `lpX$p¡ hÃQ¡ v$uhpgê$`¡ X¡$d b_i¡. L$p¡Þ¾$uV$_p 1210 duV$f `lp¡mp X¡$d `pR>m fQp_pfp kfv$pf kfp¡hf_u ndsp 7.7 rdrge_ A¡L$f auV$ `pZu kdphhp_u R>¡. s¡dp„\u 363 awV$ D`f\u `pZu hl¡sy„ \pe s¡_¡ Æh„s `pZu_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ NZhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Aphp¡ `pZu_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ 4.75 rdrge_ A¡L$f auV$ fl¡i¡. bpL$u_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ X¡$X$hp¡V$f sfuL¡$ X¡$ddp„ `X$ép¡ fl¡i¡.

b„^ ApMp¡ cfpC Åe sp¡ s¡_y„ `pZu `pR>m_u sfa 214 qL$gp¡duV$f ky^u `pZu S>dp fl¡i¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ A¡V$gu g„bpC_y„ kfp¡hf b_i¡. b„^_u kf¡fpi `lp¡mpC 1.77 qL$gp¡duV$f_u b_i¡. L¡$V$guL$ S>ÁepA¡ kfp¡hf_u `lp¡mpC s¡\ue h^y `lp¢Qu Åe R>¡. ApV$gu S>Áep_p¡ NyZpL$pf \pe sp¡ s¡ rhõspf 37,000 l¡¼V$f L$fsp„ `Z h^y \pe. cpfs_y„ Ap kp¥\u rhipm dp_hfrQs kfp¡hf `p¡sp_u _uQ¡ 11,279 l¡¼V$f M¡sugpeL$ A_¡ 13,542 l¡¼V$f S>„Ng_u S>du_ Xy$bpX$u v¡$i¡. bpL$u_p¡ rhõspf _v$u_p¡ `p¡sp_p¡ `V$ R>¡.

Ap b„^_¡ L$pfZ¡ ÓZ fpÄep¡_p„ 245 Npdp¡_¡ Mk¡X$hp„ `X$i¡ (NyS>fps 19, dlpfpô²$ 33 A_¡ dÝe âv¡$i 193). Å¡L¡$ kfv$pf kfp¡hf r_Nd_p¡ v$php¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap 245 Npddp„\u NyS>fps_p„ ÓZ Npdp¡ S> s¡_u M¡su_u S>du_ kp\¡ ApM¡ApMp„ X|$bdp„ Åe R>¡. bpL$u_p„ Npdp¡dp„ AdyL$ V$L$p S>du_ S> X|$bdp„ Åe R>¡. 25 Npdp¡dp„ h^y kfL$pfu S>du_ X|$bdp„ Åe R>¡. Å¡L¡$ dÝe âv¡$i_¡ kp¥\u h^y hp„Ly$„ Ap dyØp `f S> `X$éy„ R>¡. s¡_u S> kp¥\u h^y S>du_ A_¡ Npdp¡ X|$bdp„ Åe R>¡.

_d®v$p_u dy¿e L¡$_pg `Z A¡L$ rhipm _v$u S>¡hu R>¡ A_¡ s¡ _l¡f 458 qL$gp¡duV$f gp„bu b_i¡. s¡_p¡ A¡L$ R>¡X$p¡ fpS>õ\p__¡ S>C_¡ AX¡$ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p„ `X$Mp„ A_¡ srmep„ qkd¡ÞV$\u `pL$p„ b_phpi¡. L¡$_pg iê$ \pe Ðep„ s¡_u `lp¡mpC 73 duV$f_u A_¡ KX$pC 7.60 duV$f_u R>¡. Al] Ap L¡$_pg_u ndsp 40 lÅf ¼eyk¡L$ `pZu hlphhp_u R>¡, S>¡ fpS>õ\p__p R>¡X¡$ OV$u_¡ 2500 ¼eyk¡L$_u \C Åe R>¡.

dy¿e L¡$_pgdp„\u kp¥fpô²$ A_¡ L$ÃR> dpV¡$ AgN d¡B_ ipMp L$pY$hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. s¡ D`fp„s buÆ _p_u-dp¡V$u dmu_¡ Ly$g 42 ipMpAp¡ d¡B_ L¡$_pgdp„\u L$pY$hpdp„ Aphi¡. _p_pdp„ _p_u _l¡f NZuA¡ sp¡ 66,000 qL$gp¡duV$f_y„ _l¡fp¡_y„ Åmy„ Ecy„ \pi¡ A_¡ s¡_p L$pfZ¡ 18 gpM l¡¼V$f S>du__¡ tkQpC_p¡ gpc dmi¡.

Ap ep¡S>_p_¡ blzl¡syL$ NZhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ huS> DÐ`pv$__u `Z Å¡NhpC R>¡. Å`p_\u Apepsu S>_f¡V$fp¡_u dv$v$\u qfhf b¡V$ `phf lpDkdp„ (1200 d¡Nphp¡V$) A_¡ L¡$_pg l¡X$ `phf lpDkdp„ (250 d¡Nphp¡V$) huS>mu DÐ`Þ_ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. huS>mu_p¡ Å¡L¡$ dp¡V$p¡ rlõkp¡ dÝe âv¡$i_¡ dmhp_p¡ R>¡.

dÝe âv¡$i b„^_u KQpC 455 awV$dp„\u OV$pXu_¡ 410 awV$ L$fhp_p¡ S> ApN°l fpM¡ R>¡. s¡_p L$pfZ¡ huS>mu_u DÐ`pv$_ ndspdp„ Mpõkp¡ OV$pX$p¡ \i¡. `Z s¡ OV$ dÝe âv¡$i `p¡s¡ kl_ L$fu g¡hp s¥epf R>¡. buÆ bpSy> NyS>fpsdp„ `Z L¡$V$gpL$ r_óZpsp¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ NyS>fps Ap¡R>u KQpC õhuL$pfu g¡ sp¡ `pZu_y„ blz _yL$kp_ _\u, dpÓ huS> DÐ`pv$_ Ap¡Ry>„ \i¡, S>¡_p¡ dp¡V$p¡ cpN Apd `Z dÝe âv¡$i_¡ dmhp_p¡ R>¡. AgbÑ, NyS>fps¡ dÝe âv¡$i_¡ c|sL$pmdp„ L$üy„ S> R>¡ L¡$ A¡L$ hpf 410 L¡$ 436 awV$ ky^u sp¡ b„^ b_phhpdp„ klL$pf Ap`p¡. s¡ `R>u L$v$pQ Ap dyØ¡ rhQpfu iL$pe R>¡.

_d®v$p_u ep¡S>_p_p¡ rhQpf Apìep¡ Ðepf\u s¡_p kde_u NZ_p L$fuA¡ sp¡ sp¡ s¡_¡ `p„Q v$peL$p \C Nep R>¡. 1946dp„ _d®v$p OpV$u_u S>mi[¼s_¡ _p\u_¡ tkQpC A_¡ huS> DÐ`pv$_ dpV¡$ rhQpf L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. s¡ hMs¡ kfv$pf kfp¡hf cêQ âp¡S>¡¼V$ sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp¡ lsp¡. âpf„rcL$ kh£ L$fu_¡ kps âp¡S>¡¼V$ rhQpfhpdp„ Apìep lsp. s¡dp„\u NyS>fpsdp„ cê$Q A_¡ dÝe âv¡$idp„ bpfNu, shp A_¡ `y_pkp âp¡S>¡¼V$_¡ AN°sp Ap`hp_p¡ r_Z®e g¡hpep¡ lsp¡.

bpv$dp„ rhNshpf kh£ L$fpep A_¡ NyS>fpsdp„ Np¡fp Npd_u _ÆL$ 49.80 (161 awV$)_p¡ b„^ bp„^hp ep¡S>_p s¥epf \C. Å¡L¡$ kh£ blz d„v$ NrsA¡ \ep lsp A¡V$g¡ R>¡L$ `„v$f hj£ (ApTpv$u_u iê$Aps\u S> ep¡S>_p rhg„b Ap`Zu `f„`fp b_u R>¡.) 1961dp„ `p„Qdu A¡râg¡ S>hplfgpg _l¡fy_p lõs¡ rigpfp¡`Z rhr^ \C. Ðepf `R>u h^y rhNshpf kh£ dþep A¡V$g¡ b„^_u KQpC h^pfhp_u i¼esp b_u. Ðepf\u fpÄep¡ hÃQ¡ TOX$p `Z iê$ \C Nep. L$p¡_¡ L¡$V$gy„ `pZu A_¡ huS>mu dm¡ s¡ dpV¡$ NyS>fps A_¡ dÝe âv¡$i hÃQ¡ M¢QspZ \hp gpNu.

fpÄep¡ hÃQ¡_p rhMhpv$ r_hpfhp L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ 1964dp„ X$p¡. Mp¡kgp_p hX$`Z l¡W$m A¡¼k`V®$ L$rdV$u b¡kpX$u. 1965dp„ Mp¡kgp L$rdV$uA¡ sp¡ X¡$d_u KQpC 500 awV$ (152.44) ky^u gC S>hp_u cgpdZ L$fu. `Z fpÄep¡ hÃQ¡_p¡ rhMhpv$ içep¡ _l] A¡V$g¡ _d®v$p hp¡V$f rXõàeyV$f qV²$åey_g 1969dp„ b¡kpX$hpdp„ Aphu. (õV¡$f qfhf hp¡V$f qX$õàeyV$ A¡¼V$, 1956 l¡W$m Ap qV²$åey_g b¡kpX$pC.)

qV²$åey_g¡ buÅ„ v$k hj® (Ap¡l, Ap rhg„b!) QQp® L$fhpdp„ L$pY$u _p¿ep„ A_¡ R>¡L$ 1979dp„ ApMfu QyL$pv$p¡ Apàep¡. s¡ âdpZ¡ b„^_u dlÑd KQpC 455 awV$, dy¿e L¡$_pg_y„ kàgpe g¡hg 300 a|V$\u _½$u L$fhpdp„ Apìep„. 28 rdrge_ A¡L$f MpsfugpeL$ `pZu_p¡ `yfhW$p¡ _½$u L$fu dÝe âv¡$i_¡ 18.25, NyS>fps_¡ 9.00, dlpfpô²$_¡ 0.25 A_¡ fpS>õ\p__¡ 0.50 rdrge_ A¡L$f `pZu_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ apmhhpdp„ Apìep¡. dy¿e L¡$_pg_¡ fpS>õ\p_ ky^u g„bphu_¡ bpX$d¡f A_¡ Tpgp¡f_p vy$L$pmN°õs rhõspfp¡_¡ `pZu Ap`hp_y„ _½$u \ey„.

Ap QyL$pv$pdp„ buÆ dlÒh_u bpbsp¡dp„ dÝe âv¡$idp„ D`fhpkdp„ 300 qL$gp¡duV$f v|$f buÅ¡ rhipm b„^ _d®v$p kpNf b_¡ s¡dp„\u r_erds `pZu_p¡ `yfhW$p¡ R>p¡X$hp_p¡ Apv¡$i `Z qV²$åey_g¡ Apàep¡ lsp¡. qV²$åey_g¡ A¡d `Z L$üy„ lsy„ L¡$ 45 hj® ky^u (2025 ky^u) lh¡ Ap QyL$pv$p `f `y_rh®Qpf L$fhp_p¡ _\u A_¡ s¡ b^p `np¡_¡ b„^_L$sp® R>¡.

Å¡L¡$ s¡hy„ \ey„ _\u A_¡ A¡L$ ep buÅ blp_¡ s¡_p L$pddp„ bp^p Aphsu flu R>¡. qV²$åey_g_p QyL$pv$p `R>u v$k¡L$ hj£ L$pd Qpgy \ey„ A_¡ fNriep NpX$p_u S>¡d Qpgsy„ fü„y. s¡ v$frdep_ d¡^p `pV$L$f¡ _d®v$p bQph Ap„v$p¡g__p _pd\u rhfp¡^ D`pX$ép¡ A_¡ Apqv$hpkuAp¡_¡ s¥epf L$ep®. s¡_p L$pfZ¡ ep¡S>_pdp„ rhg„b h^sp¡ Nep¡. rhïh b¡ÞL$ kdn fS|>Apsp¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu A_¡ s¡_p Üpfp s`pk dpV¡$ `„Qp¡ dp¡L$gpep„. rhïhcf_p„ `ep®hfZhpv$u S|>\p¡ Ap ep¡S>_p rhfyÙ A¡L$ \C Nep„ lsp„ A_¡ rhïh b¡ÞL$ `f â¡if gphu s¡_u dv$v$ ep¡S>_p_¡ dmsu AV$L$phu.

L¡$ÞÖ_p `ep®hfZ Mpsp_u d„S|>fu dmsp„ hjp£ gpÁep„ lsp„. s¡d R>sp„ NyS>fps¡ Ap ep¡S>_p_¡ Æhpv$p¡fu NZu_¡ ApNm ^`phu. `f„sy 1995dp„ rhõ\pr`sp¡_¡ \pm¡ `pX$hp_y„ A_¡ `ep®hfZ_u ÅmhZu dpV¡$ L$pd _\u \ey„ A¡d L$lu_¡ A¡_buA¡A¡ kyâud L$p¡V®$dp„ L¡$k L$ep£ A_¡ Av$pgs¡ bp„^L$pd kpd¡ õV¡$ Apàep¡ lsp¡. s¡_p L$pfZ¡ 83 duV$f `f bp„^L$pd AV$L$u `X$éy„ lsy„. a¡b°yApfu, 1999dp„ `p„Q duV$f bp„^L$pd_u Av$pgs¡ R|>V$$Ap`u A_¡ ApS>¡ h^y b¡ duV$f kp\¡ 90 duV$f ky^u_y„ bp„^L$pd L$fhp Av$pgs¡ d„S|>fu Ap`u R>¡.

Ap ep¡S>_p_p¡ MQ® `Z N„Åhf R>¡. rhg„b_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡_p¡ MQ® R>¡ëg¡ 20,000 L$fp¡X$_p¡ A„v$pS>hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. rhg„b h^sp¡ Åe R>¡ s¡d A„v$pS> `Z dp¡V$p¡ \sp¡ Åe R>¡. dpQ®, 2000 ky^udp„ kfL$pf¡ Ap ep¡S>_p `pR>m 9366.78 L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep hp`ep® R>¡. d¡B_ L¡$_pg_y„ Mpõky„ L$pd \ey„ R>¡, `Z `¡V$p L¡$_pgp¡ lÆ b_phhp_u R>¡. 88 duV$f¡ AV$L¡$gp¡ X¡$d lh¡ 90 duV$f¡ gC S>hpi¡, `Z s¡ `R>ue 138 duV$f_u KQpC ky^u X¡$d `lp¢QpX$hp_p¡ R>¡. kfv$pf kfp¡hf ep¡S>_p_u rhNsp¡ A_¡ Ap„L$X$p N„Åhf R>¡. L$p¡Þ¾$uV$_p¡ Ap cpfsdp„ Qp¡\p _„bf_p¡ kp¥\u KQp¡ X¡$d R>¡ A_¡ X¡$d b_¡ s¡_p¡ S>¡ L$p¡Þ¾$uV$ dpk b_i¡ s¡ rhïhdp„ buÅ _„bf_p¡ R>¡.... blz Ap„L$X$pAp¡ R>¡, `Z sd¡ L„$V$pmu S>ip¡... AÐepf¡ ApV$gy„ bk.

AÞe Al¡hpgp¡
_d®v$p b„^ rhõspfdp„ Np¡W$hpe¡gp¡ L$X$L$ `p¡gukb„v$p¡bõs
QyL$pv$p_p¡ lfM idu Åe `R>u ApV$gy„ rhQpfÅ¡
kfv$pf kfp¡hf_y„ bp„^L$pd ApNm h^pfhp kyâud_u d„S|>fu
Afy„^su_¡ Ap QyL$pv$p¡ gp¡L$iplu_u L$sg gpN¡ R>¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?