cph_Nf õV¡$V$_p v$fbpf L©$óZLy$dpftklÆA¡ õV¡$V$ Ap¡rg[ç`¼k iê$ L$fu Ðepf¡ 1945-46dp„ lz„ dlzhp_u d_Æ _\y õL|g_p¡ A¡ÕguV$ lsp¡. lpC S>ç`-gp¢N S>ç` dpV¡$ cph_Nf S>C v$fbpf_u kpd¡ L¡$Þhpk_p iyT `l¡fu_¡ `f¡X$ L$fu_¡ v$p¡X$hp_y„ lsy„. õL|g_p 99 V$L$p A¡ÕguV$ `pk¡ b|V$ iy„ Q„`g_p¡ `Z h¢s _l]. Ad¡ d¡qV²$L$ ky^u DOpX$p `N¡ õL|g S>sp. A¡V$g¡ Ap¡rgrç`¼kdp„ cpN g¡hp v$fbpf sfa\u Ad_¡ L¡$Þhpk iyT dmsp. dpfu `yÓu L¡$ L$p¡C `Z dy„bCNfp_u `yÓu `p„Qdp-R>Ì$p ^p¡fZdp„ cZ¡ Ðep„ b|V$dp¡Å„ A_¡ gNcN Qpf`p„Q S|sp_u Å¡X$u lp¡e R>¡. A_¡ Ap S|>_u hpsp¡_¡ epv$ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ s¡ ApS>_u âÅ_¡ Ndsy„ _\u. "sd¡ DOpX$p `N¡ afsp sp¡ iy„ Adpf¡e afhy„?' Adpfp¡ L$p¡C ApN°l _\u `Z Ad_¡ S|>_u hpsp¡ L$fhp_u Apv$s `X$u NC R>¡.

dyy„bCdp„ hX$p â^p_ hu.`u.tkl¡ _p¥L$pv$m_u Mpk ¼gbdp„ A¡L$ ip÷ue k„Nus_p¡ L$pe®¾$d kp„cþep¡ Ðepf¡ `ÓL$pfp¡ A_¡ Mpk dl¡dp_p¡_¡ S> Aphhp dm¡gy„. cph_Nfdp„ "dpgh`rs dy„S>'_y„ âcygpg rÜh¡v$u_y„ "_pV$L$ `X¡$' A¡V$g¡ dlpfpÅ L©$óZLy$dpfqk„lÆ s¡d_p„ fpZu kp\¡ _pV$L$ Å¡hp Aph¡. L$p¡C rk¼eyqfV$u_u S>ê$f _l]. dlpfpÅ kp\¡ âÅ `Z _pV$L$ Sy>A¡. Ad¡ V$pbqfep„ q`V$-¼gpkdp„ `pk gC_¡ _pV$L$ Å¡CA¡. dpdp_¡ Of¡\u _hp„ L$`X$p„ `l¡fu_¡, L$p_dp„ A„sf_y„ `|dXy„$ cfphu_¡ qbgpX$u ApX$u _ Esf¡ s¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMu_¡ _pV$L$ Å¡hp S>CA¡. khpf¡ L|$L$X$p¡ bp¡g¡ A_¡ smpÅ\u v|$^_u õ`¡rieg V²¡$_ Aph¡ s¡_p„ bp¡O¡X$p„_p spÅ v|$^_u Qp `u_¡, _pV$L$ Å¡hp Aph¡gp DÅNfphpmp dS|>fp¡ _pV$L$ Å¡C_¡ `pR>p L$pd¡ QY$u Åe. ÓZ Ap_p A_¡ Qpf Ap_pdp„ _pV$L$ Å¡hp dm¡. dy„bCdp„ cp„NhpX$u Mps¡ _pV$L$ Sy>Ap¡ Ðepf¡ sdpfu ApNm_u kuV$dp„ v¡$_p b¡ÞL$_p Q¡fd¡_ âpZgpg v¡$hL$fZ _p_Æ b¡W$p lp¡e. B[ÞX$e_ dQ®ÞV$ Q¡çbf_p âdyM bpbycpC Qu_p¡e b¡W$p lp¡e L¡$ L$rh bpv$fpeZ A_¡ lpõeg¡ML$ Äep¡suÞÖ v$h¡ `Z b¡W$p lp¡e. A¡ S>dp_pdp„ `p„Q Ap_pdp„ "hX$ugp¡_p hp„L¡$'_u qV$qL$V$ dmsu s¡ dpV¡$ b`p¡f\u gpC_dp„ Ecy„ fl¡hy„ `X¡$. `p„Q L$gpL$ _pV$L$ Qpg¡. "duW$p gpÁep R>¡ d_¡ ApS>_p DÅNfp' A¡ Nus_p 11-11 hÞk dp¡f \pe. L$pqW$ephpX$\u dy„bC Aph¡gu cc|sNf_u v$uL$fu dp¡subpC Ap Nus Npe A_¡ spmuAp¡ D`f spmuAp¡ `X¡$. hÞk dp¡f_p `¥kp_u `p¡V$guAp¡ a¢L$pe.

dp¡subpC_¡ Ðepf¡ KQpdp„ KQp¡-drl_¡ ê$p.1200_p¡ `Npf dm¡. `Z s¡ `p¡sp_¡ iplfyM L¡$ L$pÅ¡g_u S>¡d ApC A¡d _„bf h_ L$l¡su _l]. dpVy„$Npdp„ s¡_p¡ b„Ngp¡ lsp¡. d„Nmv$pk_p Ofdp„ b¡W¡$gu. Ðepf¡ _pV$L$hpmu A¡¼V²¡$k agpZp_u `Ð_u _ L$l¡hpe, Ofdp„ b¡W$u L$l¡hpe. Ad¡qfL$p_u `¡L$pX®$ NpX$udp„ Of¡\u d¡L$A` L$fu_¡ dp¡subpC cp„NhpX$u Aph¡, A¡V$g¡ _pV$L$fqkep gp¡L$p¡ "dp¡subpC', "dp¡subpC' L$lu_¡ s¡_¡ Å¡hp v$p¡X¡$. dp¡subpC q¾$L¡$V$ ¼gb Ap¡a B[ÞX$ep_u `Z d¡çbf lsu, Äepf¡ rh_y dp„L$X$ A_¡ v$Ñy aX$L$f hN¡f¡ V$pbqfep„ q¾$L¡$V$ fdsp„. buÅ¡ _pV$L$_p¡ lufp¡ Aifa Mp_ dpgh`rs b_sp¡. s¡_p¡ `Npf `Z dp¡subpC S>¡V$gp¡. iyÙ QpqfÔehpmp¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡_p Apiuhp®v$ g¡hp gp¡L$p¡ Aph¡. Adv$phpv$dp„ Aifa Mp__u v$fNpl R>¡ A_¡ ApS>¡e gp¡L$p¡ Ðep„ s¡_¡ `uf dp_u_¡ dp_sp dp_¡ R>¡. 1950 ky^u Aifa Mp_, dp¡subpC, íepdpbpC, L$dgpv¡$hu L$Zp®V$L$u, fpZu â¡dgsp hN¡f¡ KQp õhf¡ Npsu A_¡ X$pegp¡N_u qX$qghfu L$f¡ s¡ R>¡L$ r`V$- ¼gpkdp„ k„cmpe. 1950 `R>u _pV$L$_p õV¡$S>_p„ dpB¾$p¡ap¡_ Apìep„. huS>mu _lp¡su Ðepf¡ qL$V¹$k_ gpBV$ `¡V$phsp. L$pmp f„N_p Np¡m Q½$fhpmu qL$V$¹k_ gpBV$ `R>u rb°V$_\u kpfu Ås_u `¡V²$p¡d¡¼k Aphu. cp„NhpX$u_y„ r\e¡V$f v¡$iu _pV$L$ kdpS>_y„ lsy„. s¡ Q„vy$gpg v$gkyMfpd Th¡fuA¡ h¡Qpsy„ gu^y„. Ap Q„vy$gpg A¡V$g¡ L¡$ X$püpcpC L$rh lsp. cpÁe¡ S> L$p¡C `ÓL$pf_¡e Mbf li¡ L¡$ Ahpf_hpf Ap`Z¡ A¡L$ D[¼s bp¡guA¡ R>uA¡ s¡ L$rh X$püpcpC Th¡fu_u R>¡.

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Ap L$rhA¡ v¡$iu _pV$L$ kdpS>_u L„$`_u_¡ `R>u\u Åafpbpv$_p L$`p¡m lfNp¡thv$ S>¡W$pcpC_¡ h¡Qu v$u^u. lfNp¡thv$cpCA¡ dy„bC_p _pV$L$_p ip¡Mu_p¡_¡ fps_p DÅNfp L$fphhp_p¡ qkgqkgp¡ Qpgy L$ep£. d|m huf`yf_p b°pûZ âcygpg rÜh¡v$u L$fp„Qudp„ A¡[ÞS>r_ef_p¡ qX$àgp¡dp gC_¡ `R>u gp¡M„X$ kp\¡ `_pfp¡ `pX$hp kp\¡ ¼gpk `Z Qgphsp. L$fp„Qu\u dy„bC Apìep. _pV$L$ gMhp dp„X$ép. s¡d_p„ gM¡gp„ 60 _pV$L$p¡ v¡$iu _pV$L$ kdpS> A_¡ gÿduL$p„s _pV$L$ kdpS> hN¡f¡A¡ cS>ìep„. lfNp¡thv$ i¡W$ dfu Nep Ðepf¡ s¡d_u `Ð_u DÑdgnu hsu âcygpg rÜh¡v$u, L$pkdcpC A_¡ d|mQ„v$ dpdpA¡ L„$`_u_¡ âpdpqZL$ fus¡ Qgphu. _pV$L$p¡dp„ Nhpe¡gp„ Nusp¡_¡ Ad¡ lpCõL|$gdp„, V²¡$_dp„, _v$u_u q`L$q_L$dp„ L¡$ hffpÅ_u Å_dp„ A„spnfudp„ Npsp. lÅfp¡ _pV$L$p¡_p„ Nusp¡ bpmL$p¡_¡ L„$W$õ\ \C S>sp„. ApS>¡ byNuhyNudp„ bpmL$p¡ raëdu Nusp¡_u _L$g L$f¡ R>¡, NpC iL$sp„ _\u. âcygpg rÜh¡v$u_p„ Nusp¡- "dpf¡ kpkqfe¡ S>C L$p¡C L$l¡Å¡ A¡V$gXy„$ L¡$ âusdÆ ApZp„ dp¡L$g¡' A_¡ "duW$p gpÁep R>¡ d_¡ ApS>_p DÅNfp' s¡dS> "^_hp_ Æh_ dpZ¡ R>¡' A_¡ cçdqfep L|$hp_¡ L$p„W$X¡$...' hN¡f¡ Nusp¡ Ad_¡ L„$W$õ\ \C Ne¡gp„. dy„bCdp„ L$p¢N°¡k lpDk _ÆL$ _pQ_pfuAp¡ fl¡su. s¡ dyS>fphpmuAp¡ OfpL$p¡_¡ Nus k„cmphhp dpV¡$ _hp _hp Nus_u ip¡^ dpV¡$ NyS>fpsu _pV$L$p¡ Å¡hp Aphsu. V$p¡m¡ hmu_¡ dyS>fphpmu Aph¡. D`fpD`fu hÞk dp¡f L$fuL$fu_¡ Nusp¡ kp„cmu_¡ L„$W$õ\ L$fu g¡. âcygpg rÜh¡v$u NyS>fu Nep R>¡. s¡d_p„ Nusp¡ lÆ Æh¡ R>¡. s¡d_p `yÓ rh_eL$pÞs rÜh¡v$u gNcN 400 `p_p„_y„ _pV$L$_p„ Nusp¡_y„ `yõsL$ âNV$ L$f_pf R>¡. A¡L$ Y$åby A¡V$g¡ L¡$ b¡ `¥kp_p rk½$pdp„ dy„bC_u V²$pddp„ kaf L$f_pfp¡ s¡ hMs_p¡ cpÁeipmu dl¡spÆ ê$p.75_p¡ `Npf Mpsp¡ lp¡e. "v¡$idp„' b¥fp„-R>p¡L$fp„ lp¡e. s¡_¡ ê$p.25_p¡ "d_u Ap¡X®$f' L$fu_¡ bpL$u_p `¥kp _pV$L$ A_¡ Mphpdp„ MQ£. A¡L$ `¥kp_u _pV$L$_p„ Nus_u Qp¡`X$u V²$pddp„ b¡W$p¡ b¡W$p¡ Å¡f\u Npsp¡ Npsp¡ hp„Q¡. Ap S|>_u hpsp¡ s¡ hMs_p„ _pV$L$p¡_p¡ âQpf L$f_pfp 76 hj®_p h°S>gpg hkpZu _pd_p A¡X$hV$p®BTf h^y ÅZ¡ R>¡.

Ap S|>_p S>dp_p_¡ epv$ L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ A_¡ ApS>_p V¡$rgrhT__p L„$X$d L$pe®¾$dp¡ A_¡ dp¡Y¡$ epv$ _ fl¡ s¡hp„ Nusp¡-AN¡e Nusp¡ (Ad¡ N¡e Nusp¡ S> hp„Q¡gp„) kp„cmuA¡ R>uA¡ Ðepf¡ S|>_p¡ S>dp_p¡ epv$ Aph¡ R>¡. hpe-Vy$-L¡$_p¡ âp¡åg¡d 2000_u kpg_p¡ âp¡åg¡d lsp¡. A¡ DL¡$gu Nep¡ R>¡. `Z 1900\u 1945 ky^u_p„ S|>_p„ Nusp¡_u hpsp¡ S>¡_¡ Ad¡ hpe-h_-L¡$ âp¡åg¡d L$luA¡ s¡ lÆe Ad_¡ ksph¡ R>¡. 1940_p v$peL$pdp„ Tp„Td¡f Npd¡ b`p¡f¡ ÓZ hpÁe¡ V$`pg Aph¡ Ðepf¡ "âÅb„^y' kpàsprlL$ V$`pgdp„ Aph¡. b`p¡f¡ S>du_¡ V$`pgu_u fpl Å¡CA¡. V$`pgu dp„v$p¡ lp¡e sp¡ qv$hk Mpgu Åe. Adpfp A¡ S|>_p S>dp_pdp„ `pR>p Adpfp hX$ugp¡ s¡d_p S|>_p S>dp_p_u hpsp¡ L$f¡!

Ad¡ ÓZ gpXy MpC S>sp sp¡ hX$ugp¡ hV$ dpfsp„ Ad_¡ L$l¡ L¡$ Ad¡ b°pûZp¡ 20-20 gpXy MpC S>sp. 20 dpBg v|$f S>dhp_y„ lp¡e sp¡ b°pûZ S>dhp Mpsf `N¡ Qpgu_¡ 20 dpBg_y„ Npdsfy„ L$fu _pM¡, Qpgu_¡ _l] v$p¡X$u_¡. Npd_¡ Tp„`¡ A¡L$ cpdZ gpg L$`Xy„$ gC `p„QR> cpdZp¡_¡ cX$L$ph¡. cpdZp¡ v$p¡X¡$, 20 dpBg `lp¢Qu_¡ AV$L¡$. Ðep„ eS>dp_ s¡d_¡ dfu Qphhp Ap`¡ A_¡ `R>u hpV$L$p¡ cfu_¡ Ou `u Åe. `R>u sdpLy$-Q|_p Qp¡mu_¡ apL$X$p¡ dpf¡. 20-20 gpXy$ A_¡ hpV$L$p¡ Ou `Qu Åe.

ip¡Mu_ dpZkp¡ Mpk cph_Nf _pV$L$ Å¡hp Åe. "L$pvy$ dL$fpZu' _pV$L$dp„ dp¡subpC_¡ Å¡hp Åe. dy„bC L¡$ cph_Nf\u Aphu_¡ gY$phuQY$phu_¡ _pV$L$_u A_¡ Arc_¡Óu_u hpsp¡ L$f¡. agpZu bpC_¡ agpZp L$`p¡m i¡qW$ep L¡$ cpqVep i¡qW$ep\u lfpd_p„ l¡g (lfpd_p„ k„sp_) flu Nep„ A¡hy„ L$l¡.

Aphu b^u S|>_u hpsp¡_¡ DM¡m¡ s¡hy„ A¡L$ _pV$L$ gC_¡ d|m Åd_Nf_p¡ Ap¡ihpm oprs_p¡ hpqZep¡ _pd¡ Q„vy$ ipl Ad¡qfL$p_p bp¡õV$_ il¡f\u dy„bC Apìep¡ R>¡. Q„vy$ ipl kss hpe-h_-L¡$ âp¡åg¡d\u `uX$pe R>¡. s¡ lÆe L$rh _d®v$_¡ c|ëep¡ _\u. A_¡ `ÓL$pfp¡_¡ c|ghp v¡$sp¡ _\u. Ap hMs¡ s¡ "dpõV$f awgdrZ_y„' _pV$L$ gC_¡ Apìep¡ R>¡. s¡dp„ S|>_u cp„NhpX$u_p _pV$L$_u hpsp®_y„ lpg_p _h\u `p„Q_u _p¡L$fu L$f_pfp Ap^yr_L$ dl¡spÆAp¡_u hpsp¡ kp\¡ OfOfÏ„ L$fu_¡ "dpõV$f awgdrZ'_y„ dpZhpgpeL$ _pV$L$ bsph¡ R>¡. Qpf `pÓp¡dp„ A¡L$ ê$`pmp¡ Ql¡fp¡, Np¡fp¡ hp_, R>p¡L$fu S>¡hp„ lp\`N_p„ ^pfv$pf Ap„Nmp„ A_¡ dp¡subpC S>¡hu ^pfv$pf Ap„Mp¡ ^fphsp¡ rQfpN hp¡fp h_gsp A_¡ awgdrZ_y„ `pÓ cS>h¡ R>¡. _pV$L$_p„ Qpf `pÓp¡ b^p„ S> Nusp¡ Npe R>¡. cp„NhpX$udp„ lsy„ s¡d Al] lpdp£q_ed R>¡. sbgQu R>¡. fpN `yfph_pf b¡ k„Np\u R>¡. DÐL$j® dTydv$pf Nusp¡_p hÞk dp¡f `X$ph¡ R>¡. rQfpN hp¡fp Np¡fp¡ R>¡ s¡\u ÷u_y„ `pÓ cS>h¡ R>¡. S|>_p S>dp_pdp„ R>p¡L$fuAp¡ _pV$L$dp„ L$pd L$fhp Aphsu _l]. `yfyjp¡ d|R> dy„X$phu R>p¡L$fu_p cpN cS>hsp. dp¡subpC Aphu Ðepf\u ÷u`pÓ dmhp dp„X$ép„. rQfpN hp¡fp dy„bC_p i¡qW$ep_¡ ggQph¡ s¡hy„ ÷u`pÓ cS>h¡ R>¡.

dy„bCdp„ Qp¡`X$p gM_pfp¡ dl¡spÆ L¡$ qdg_p¡ dyL$pv$d `p„Q Ap_pdp„ âcygpg rÜh¡v$u_y„ _pV$L$ Å¡C iL$sp¡ s¡hy„ lh¡ füy„ _\u. Q„vy$ ipl Aakp¡k L$f¡ R>¡ L¡$ cp„NhpX$u r\e¡V$f h¡Qu_¡ A¡L$ L$`p¡m hpfkv$pf v$pqmep¡ L$fu Nep¡ R>¡. cp„NhpX$u_¡ A¡L$ S|>_p õdpfL$ sfuL¡$ fpMhy„ Å¡Csy„ lsy„. dy„bC_p `©Õhu r\e¡V$fdp„ dpõV$f awgdrZ cS>hpe R>¡. s¡dp„ dyL$pv$d, L$pfLy$_ dl¡spÆ L¡$ `„syÆ â¡nL$ sfuL¡$ v¡$Mpsp _\u.

`©Õhu r\e¡V$fdp„ cS>hpsp„ _pV$L$p¡ kfk lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ Q„vy$ ipl_y„ awgdrZ sp¡ A¡L$ Aagps|_ _pV$L$ R>¡. `Z s¡ _pV$L$ Å¡hp sdpfu A¡¼kp¡_u _p¡V$ h`fpC Åe. Apdâ¡nL$ Aphp _pV$L$\u h„qQs fl¡ R>¡.

DÐL$j® dTydv$pf, d_p¡S> ipl, rhL$pk dl¡sp A_¡ rQfpN hp¡fp-A¡ Qpf `pÓp¡ _pV$L$_p„ Nusp¡ A_¡ hpe-Vy$-h__p _pV$L$_u hpsp¡ L$f¡ R>¡. OZp„ S|>_p„ _pV$L$p¡_p„ Nusp¡-S>¡dp„ dp¡V$p cpN_p„ âcygpg rÜh¡v$uA¡ g¿ep„ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡_¡ Ap`Z¡ gp¡L$Nus dp_uA¡ R>uA¡ s¡ `©Õhu r\e¡V$fdp„ _pV$L$ hMs¡ lpdp£q_ed kp\¡ Nhpe R>¡. afu\u 1945_y„ cp„NhpX$u A_¡ hÞk dp¡f_u spmuAp¡ k„cmpe R>¡. cp„NhpX$udp„ `¥kp_u `p¡V$gu\u hÞk dp¡f \sp lsp. afu S|>_u hpsp¡ epv$ Aph¡ R>¡.

fOy_p\ b°ûcË$$ A_¡ âcygpg rÜh¡v$u dyS>fphpmu dpV$¡ _pV$L$dp„ Mpk rlÞv$u Nusp¡ fQu_¡ _pV$L$_p„ `pÓp¡_¡ dp¡Y$¡$ Nhfphsp lsp. cpÁe¡ S> L$p¡C_¡ Mbf R>¡ L¡$ "dp¡Ng¡ ApTd'dp„ "dp¡l¡ `_OV$ `¡ _„v$$gpg R>¡X$ Nep¡ f¡' A¡ Nus d^ybpgp "Npe' R>¡ s¡ Nus dy„bC_p v¡$iu kdpS>_p "R>Ó rhS>e' _pV$L$ dpV¡$ fOy_p\ b°ûcË¡$$ gM¡gy„. s¡ Nus `R>u\u L$p¢N°¡k lpDkhpmu dyS>fphpmu bpCAp¡ `Z Npsu. Ap Nus Q„vy$ ipl_p awgdrZ _pV$L$dp„ rQfpN hp¡fp_p L$d_ue L„$W¡$ kp„cmhp dmi¡.

rQfpN hp¡fp awgdrZ_p h¡idp„ S>¡ fus¡ ê$`pmu gg_p_p¡ Arc_e L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ sd¡ _S>f¡ _ Sy>Ap¡ sp¡ dpfp„ hMpZ_p¡ ip¡ A\® R>¡? â|a Ap¡a `yqX„$$N BT B_ BqV„$N. _pV$L$ `|fy„$ \ep `R>u â¡nL$p¡ A_¡ Arc_¡spAp¡ ^Þe ^Þe \pe R>¡. OZp_u Ap„Mdp„ TmTrmep„ lp¡e R>¡. dpfu Ap„Mdp„ TmTrmep„ A¡ hps_p„ R>¡ L¡$ Aphp ky„v$f _pV$L$ dpV¡$ dy„bC_p NyS>fpsu DÛp¡N`rsAp¡A¡ ê$p. 15 L$fp¡X$ MQ}_¡ A¡L$ 5000 â¡nL$p¡_u L¡$`¡qkV$uhpmp¡ lp¡g bp„Ýep¡ lp¡e sp¡ Ðep„ a¼s ê$p. 75_u qVqL$V$$ fpM¡ sp¡ dpfp Apd hpQL$p¡_¡ Ap _pV$L$ Å¡hy„ `p¡kpe. ApS>¡ sp¡ i¼e _\u. Q„vy$ ipl Mpk qâqhrgÄX$ hN®_u spmuAp¡ `X$phu_¡ Ad¡qfL$p Qpëep¡ S>i¡. dy„bCdp„ kõsu qV$qL$V$_p„ _pV$L$ Å¡hp dm¡ s¡_u Ty„b¡i lh¡ Q„vy$ ipl Qgph¡ sp¡ kpfy„.

(`©Õhu r\e¡V$fdp„ ÅÞeyApfu 2000dp„ dpõV$f awgdrZ_p¡ ip¡ Å¡C_¡ g¡ML¡$ Ap qfõ`p¡Þk gM¡gp¡.)

L$p[Þs cË$rgrMs AÞe g¡Mp¡ hp„Qhp dpV¡$ Ap `„[¼s [¼gL$ L$fp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?