L$ÃR>_p fpS>huAp¡_p¡ Mdufh„sp¡ Brslpk

NyS>fps_u DÑf¡ Aph¡gp L$ÃR> rS>ëgp_p¡ A¡L$ ApNhp¡ Brslpk R>¡ A_¡ s¡_u A_p¡Mu k„õL©$rs R>¡. NyS>fpsdp„ kp¡g„L$u h„i_p ipk_ `R>u dy[õgdp¡ Apìep A_¡ E\g`p\g iê$ \C Ðepf¡ `Z L$ÃR>dp„ ÅX¡$Å h„i_p rlÞvy$ fpS>huAp¡ S> kÑp D`f lsp, S>¡ R>¡L$ C.k. 1948 ky^u Qpgy füp, Äepf¡ L$ÃR>_y„ fpÄe õhs„Ó cpfsdp„ cmu Ney„ lsy„. Ap fus¡ R>¡ëgu L¡$V$gue kv$uAp¡\u ApTpv$u_p„ bph_ hj® bpv$ L$fsp L$ÃR>dp„ fpÅiplu_y„ S> ipk_ füy„ R>¡, S>¡_p¡ âcph ApS>¡ `Z L$ÃR>uAp¡_p Æh_ `f Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡.

L$ÃR> âv¡$i c|sL$pmdp„ NyS>fps kp\¡ _l] `Z tk^ kp\¡ cp¥Np¡rgL$ fus¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp¡ lsp¡. ApS>¡ `pqL$õsp_dp„ Qpëep Ne¡gp rk„^ âp„sdp„ rlÞvy$ fpS>huAp¡_u ApZ âhs®su. tk^dp„ Åd DÞ_X$Æ_y„ lÅf hj® `l¡gp„ M|_ \ey„. s¡d_u R>Ì$u `¡Y$uA¡ Åd ÅX$p¡ Npv$uA¡ Apìep¡. ÅX$p_¡ k„sp_ _ lp¡hp\u s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p cpC hf¡Æ_p Ly„$hf gpMp_¡ v$ÑL$ gu^p¡. gpMp¡ ÅX$p_p¡ h„iS> \ep¡ s¡ dpV¡$ ÅX¡$-Å¡ L$l¡hpep¡. Ap fus¡ L$ÃR>dp„ ÅX¡$Å h„i_y„ ipk_ iê$ \ey„. C.k. 1147dp„ Npv$u D`f Aph¡gp¡ Åd gpMp¡ s¡_p¡ `l¡gp¡ fpÅ bÞep¡. Åd gpMp_u fpS>^p_u "huf' _pd_y„ _Nf lsu. Åd gpMp_u Npv$u D`f s¡d_p¡ `yÓ Åd fpe^Z Apìep¡. s¡ bmhp_ fpÅ lsp¡. s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_p Qpf `yÓp¡ hÃQ¡ L$ÃR>_p rhrh^ rhõspfp¡ hl¢Qu Apàep A_¡ ApMp L$ÃR> D`f `p¡sp_y„ ipk_ a¡gpìey„.

C.k. 1510dp„ fph M¢NpfÆ L$ÃR>_u Npv$u D`f Apìep. s¡dZ¡ 76 hj® fpÄe L$ey¯ A_¡ cyS> il¡f hkpìey„. C.k. 1605dp„ L$ÃR>_u fpS>^p_u cyS> b_u.

fph M¢NpfÆ `R>u s¡d_p `yÓ fph cpfdgÆ Npv$uA¡ b¡W$p. s¡d_p¡ ipk_L$pm C.k. 1586\u 1632_p¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p kdedp„ NyS>fps_p R>¡ëgp kygsp_ dyTãaf¡ L$ÃR>dp„ Apîe gu^p¡ lsp¡. C.k. 1617dp„ fph cpfdgÆ Adv$phpv$ S>C dp¡Ng bpv$ipl S>lp„Nuf_¡ dþep. s¡Ap¡ c¡V$kp¡Npv$ sfuL¡$ KQu Ap¡gpv$_p 100 L$ÃR>u Op¡X$p, kp¡ kp¡_p_u dp¡V$u dlp¡fp¡ hN¡f¡ gC Nep lsp. S>lp„Nuf_¡ fph cpfdgÆ dpV¡$ dp_ \ey„ A_¡ s¡Z¡ fph cpfdgÆ_¡ `p¡sp_u V„$L$ipm õ\p`u `p¡sp_p fpÄe_p Mpk rk½$p blpf `pX$hp_u kÑp Ap`u. Ap fus¡ C.k. 1617dp„ L$ÃR>dp„ L$p¡fu_y„ QgZ iê$ \ey„, S>¡ R>¡L$ C.k. 1948 ky^u Qpëey„.

C.k. 1718\u 1752v$fçep_ fph v¡$imÆ L$ÃR>_p fpÅ lsp. s¡dZ¡ cyrS>ep Xy„$Nf D`f cyS>„N d„qv$f b_pìey„. fph v¡$imÆ AÐe„s âÅhÐkg fpS>hu lsp. s¡Ap¡ k„s d¡L$Zv$pv$p_p rióe bÞep lsp. C.k. 1723dp„ i¡f byg„v$Mp_ NyS>fps_p¡ k|bp¡ bÞep¡. s¡Z¡ C.k. 1730dp„ L$ÃR> D`f QX$pC L$fu. byg„v$ Mp__p 50 lÅf_p gíL$f¡ cyrS>ep Xy„$Nf D`f lzdgp¡ L$ep£. fph v$¡imÆA¡ v¡$hL$fZ i¡W$_u dv$v$\u gíL$f s¥epf L$ey¯. s¡dp„ cpepsp¡ kp\¡ _pNp bphpAp¡ A_¡ kp^yAp¡ `Z gX$ép, S>¡dp„ byg„v$Mp_ lpfu_¡ cpÁep¡.

fph v¡$imÆ_p v$uhp_ v¡$hL$fZ i¡W$ AÐe„s Ly$im dyÐkØu lsp. s¡dZ¡ cyS>_p NY$_¡ dS>b|s b_phu s¡_p D`f sp¡`p¡ Np¡W$hu. Ap¡Mpd„X$m_p Qp„rQepAp¡_¡ dlps L$fu s¡dZ¡ Ap¡Mpdp„ L$ÃR>u NY$ b_pìep¡. \f`pfL$f_p fZdp„ `p¡guk\pZp_u õ\p`_p L$fu s¡dZ¡ L$ÃR>_u g|„V$apV$ AV$L$phu. v¡$hL$fZ i¡W$_p Ly$im hluhV$\u L$ÃR>_u kd©qÙ h^u lsu. C.k.1738dp„ v¡$hL$fZ i¡W$_y„ v$NpaV$L$p\u M|_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„.

fph v¡$imÆ `R>u fph gM`sÆ Npv$uA¡ Apìep. s¡Ap¡ i[¼sipmu A_¡ ip¡Mu_ fpÅ lsp. s¡d_p kdedp„ cyS>_p¡ ârkÙ Ape_p dl¡g b„^pep¡. s¡dZ¡ L$ÃR>dp„ `l¡gu hpf L$p¡V®$_u õ\p`_p L$fu. fph gM`sÆ_u Npv$uA¡ Aph¡gp fph Np¡X$ÆA¡ ÆhZ i¡W$_¡ v$uhp_ b_pìep A_¡ v¡$hL$fZ i¡W$_p `yÓ `|„Å i¡W$_y„ A`dp_ L$ey¯. `|„Å i¡W$_y„ A`dp_ \sp„ s¡Ap¡ tk^ Nep A_¡ tk^_p kygsp_ Nygpdipl ¼gp¡fp_¡ DíL¡$fu L$ÃR> D`f QX$pC L$fphu. Tpfp `pk¡ cujZ eyÙ \ey„, S>¡dp„ L$ÃR>_p 30,000 k¥r_L$p¡ L$`pC Nep. R>¡hV¡$ fph Np¡X$ÆA¡ `|„Å i¡W$ kp\¡ kdp^p_ L$fu `|„Å_¡ v$uhp_ b_pìep¡. Ap¾$dZMp¡f `|„Å_u dv$v$\u s¡Z¡ Nygpdipl ¼gp¡fp_¡ `pR>p¡ hpþep¡. \p¡X$p kde `R>u fph Np¡X$Æ_u spL$ps h^sp„ s¡dZ¡ `|„Å i¡W$_¡ S>¡gdp„ `|ep® A_¡ T¡f_p¡ àepgp¡ Ap`u dpfu _p¿ep. Nygpdipl¡ A`dp__p¡ bv$gp¡ g¡hp tk^y _v$u ApX¡$ b„^ bp„^u L$ÃR>_y„ `pZu AV$L$phu v¡$sp„ L$ÃR> fZâv¡$idp„ a¡fhpsy„ Ney„.

C.k. 1779dp„ L$ÃR>_u Npv$u D`f Aph¡gp fph fpe^ZÆ(buÅ)A¡ dy[õgd aL$uf k¥ev$ dp¡lçdv$ `_pl_u Akf _uQ¡ dy[õgd ^d® õhuL$pfu gu^p¡ A_¡ rlÞvy$Ap¡ D`f AÐepQpfp¡ L$ep®. A„Åf_p d¡OÆ i¡W$ gíL$f kp\¡ cyS> Apìep A_¡ s¡dZ¡ fph_¡ `v$c°ô$ L$fu L¡$v$ L$ep®. s¡d_p _p_p cpC `©ÕhufpS>Æ_¡ Npv$uA¡ b¡kpX$hpdp„ Apìep `Z s¡Ap¡ kNuf lp¡hp\u C.k. 1788dp„ fpÄe_p¡ hluhV$ L$fhp dpV¡$ 12 kæep¡_y„ â^p_d„X$m b_phhpdp„ Apìey„, S>¡ "bpfcpep' sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpey„.

Ap bpfcpepdp„ k„`_p¡ Acph lsp¡. R>¡hV¡$ S>dpv$pf aÑ¡l dpdv¡$ bpfcpep_p¡ A„s ApZu `©ÕhufpS>Æ hsu fpÄe_p¡ hluhV$ k„cpmu gu^p¡. aÑ¡l dpdv¡$ d¡OÆ i¡W$_¡ `|h® L$ÃR>_p¡ hluhV$ kp¢àep¡. `©ÕhufpS>Æ_y„ Ahkp_ \ey„ Ðepf¡ s¡_p¡ MfMfp¡ L$fhp d¡OÆ i¡W$ cyS> Apìep Ðepf¡ L$p¡C vy$íd_¡ s¡d_y„ v$Np\u M|_ L$ey¯. ApS>¡ `Z cyS>_p hprZephpX$dp„ d¡OÆ i¡W$_u v¡$fu R>¡. aÑ¡l dpdv$_y„ d©Ðey C.k. 1813dp„ \ey„.

C.k. 1814dp„ fpe^ZÆ_p A_p¥fk `yÓ fph cpfdgÆ (buÅ) fpS>Npv$uA¡ Apìep. s¡d_p¡ hluhV$ A[õ\fsp A_¡ A„^p^|„^u\u cf¡gp¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p¡ hluhV$ v$uhp_ gÿduQ„v$ L$pdv$pf¡ AÐe„s Ly$imsp\u k„cpmu gu^p¡. fph cpfdgÆ_p kdedp„ A„N°¡Å¡ L$ÃR>dp„ âh¡íep A_¡ L$ÃR> s¡d_y„ M„qX$ey„ fpÄe b_u Ney„.

fph cpfdgÆ `R>u fph v¡$imÆ Npv$u D`f Apìep. s¡d_p kdedp„ C.k. 1819dp„ L$ÃR>dp„ cujZ ^fsuL„$` \ep¡. cyS>dp„ 70,000 Ofp¡ S>du_v$p¡õs \C Nep„. A„Åf, dp„X$hu A_¡ gM`sdp„ `Z lÅfp¡ gp¡L$p¡ L$pV$dpm _uQ¡ v$bpC Nep. Ap c|L„$`dp„ tkv$fu_p¡ qL$ëgp¡ Ýhõs \C Nep¡. C.k. 1861dp„ fph âcdgÆ buÅ Npv$u D`f Apìep. s¡dZ¡ cyS>dp„ Apëä¡X$ lpCõL|$g iê$ L$fu. s¡d_p L$pmdp„ âNkf smph A_¡ âpN dl¡g b„^pep„.

C.k. 1876dp„ fph M¢NpfÆ (ÓuÅ) L$ÃR>_u Npv$u D`f Apìep. s¡dZ¡ 66 hj® fpÄe L$ey¯. s¡d_p kdedp„ õhpdu rhh¡L$p_„v$, Np„^uÆ A_¡ õhpdu AM„X$p_„v¡$ L$ÃR>_u dygpL$ps gu^u. C.k. 1948dp„ fph dv$_tkl Npv$uA¡ b¡W$p Ðepf¡ fS>hpX$p„Ap¡_p rhgu_uL$fZ_u hpsp¡ Qpgsu lsu. dv$_tklÆ `qf[õ\rs `pdu Nep. s¡dZ¡ kpd¡\u cpfs kfL$pf kp\¡ Å¡X$pZ_p L$fpf L$ep® _¡ õh¡ÃR>pA¡ Npv$uÐepN L$ep£.

C.k. 1948_u `l¡gu S|>_¡ cpfs¡ L$ÃR>_p¡ hluhV$ `p¡sp_p lp\dp„ gC gu^p¡. fpÅiplu_p¡ A„s Apìep¡ A_¡ L$ÃR> "L$' hN®_y„ fpÄe bÞey„. C.k. 1960dp„ qÜcpju dy„bC fpÄe_y„ rhcpS>_ \ey„ A_¡ NyS>fps fpÄe bÞey„ Ðepf¡ L$ÃR> s¡_p¡ A¡L$ rS>ëgp¡ b_u Ney„. ApS>¡ Äepf¡ L$ÃR>_¡ NyS>fps\u AgN fpÄe b_phhp_u A_¡ L$ÃR>_¡ \C fl¡gp¡ AÞepe v|$f L$fhp_u dpNZu \C flu R>¡ Ðepf¡ L$ÃR>_p c|s`|h® fpS>hu hpfkv$pfp¡ S> Ap Ty„b¡i_¡ V¡$L$p¡ Ap`u füp R>¡.

NyS>fps_p A¥rslprkL$ k„ip¡^_ dpV¡$ rióeh©rÑ

NyS>fpsuAp¡ `p¡sp_p Np¥fhh„sp Brslpkdp„ fk g¡sp \pe A_¡ Brslpk_u cygpC Ne¡gu OV$_pAp¡ spÆ \pe s¡ dpV¡$ Adv$phpv$_p v$i®L$ apDÞX¡$i_¡ A¡L$ Arc_h ep¡S>_p Ål¡f L$fu R>¡. v$i®L$ apDÞX¡$i__p AÞhe¡ L$pd L$fsp v$i®L$ Brslpk r_r^A¡ NyS>fps_p Brslpk_p„ rhrcÞ_ `pkp„Ap¡ D`f dp¥rgL$ k„ip¡^_ dpV¡$ v$f hj£ a¡gp¡ri` A`®Z L$fhp_p¡ r_Z®e L$ep£ R>¡. Ap hj® dpV¡$ _uQ¡_p ÓZ rhjep¡_u `k„v$Nu L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡ :
(1) NyS>fps_p rhv¡$ih¡`pf_p¡ Brslpk
(2) C.k. 1800\u 1948 ky^u_p¡ kp¥fpô²$_p¡ Brslpk
(3) kp¥fpô²$_p¡ S>du_ky^pfZp_p¡ Brslpk

S>¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡ Brslpkdp„ `p¡õV$ N°¡ÄeyA¡V$ A\hp X$p¡¼V$f¡V$_u `v$hu ^fphsp lp¡e s¡Ap¡ Ap a¡gp¡ri` dpV¡$ gpeL$ NZpi¡. Brslpk k„ip¡^_ A_¡ g¡M__p¡ A_ych ^fph_pf ìe[¼s_¡ rhriô$ k„ep¡Np¡dp„ i¥nrZL$ gpeL$psdp„ R|>V$ `Z Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡. k„ip¡^_ L$f_pf_¡ dprkL$ v$k lÅf ê$r`ep_u fL$d a¡gp¡ri` sfuL¡$ Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡. rhriô$ k„ep¡Np¡dp„ Ap fL$ddp„ h^OV$ `Z \C iL$i¡. Ap a¡gp¡ri`_p rhõs©s r_edp¡ A_¡ AfÆ`ÓL$ dpV¡$ _uQ¡_p kf_pd¡ `Óìehlpf L$fu iL$pi¡ :
dp_v$ d„Óu,
v$i®L$ kprlÐe r_r^,
L¡$f Ap¡a fpô²$ue qX$TpB_ k„õ\p_,
`pgX$u, Adv$phpv$.

Brslpk_p kp¥L$p¡C frkL$p¡ dpV¡$ Ap a¡gp¡ri` A¡L$ DÑd sL$ kprbs \pe s¡d R>¡.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?